Safety and management requirements for teaching facilities
1 Scope
This document proposes the safety principles for school teaching facilities and specifies general requirements, technical requirements for safety, safety management requirements, and safe use requirements of such facilities.
This document is applicable to the design, arrangement, acquisition, use, and management of teaching facilities in newly built, modified, and expanded higher education institutions, vocational colleges, and general primary and secondary schools. It may serve as a reference for teaching facilities in training institutions, practical training centers, and other relevant teaching institutions.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150 (All parts) Pressure vessels
GB/T 1002 Single phase plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types, basic parameters and dimensions
GB/T 1003 Three phases plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types, basic parameters and dimensions
GB/T 12265 Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
GB 12711-2018 Standard of safety for low and intermediate level solid radioactive waste packages
GB 13690 General rule for classification and hazard communication of chemicals
GB/T 13955 Installation and operation of residual current operated protective devices
GB 14050 Types and safety technical requirements of system earthing
GB/T 14644 Textiles - Burning behavior - 45° test determination of flame spread rate
GB 14866-2006 The specifications for personal eye-protectors
GB 14925 Laboratory animal - Environment and housing facilities
GB 15577 Safety regulations for dust explosion prevention and protection
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
GB 16297 Integrated emission standard of air pollutants
GB/T 16556 Self-contained open-circuit compressed air breathing apparatus
GB/T 16754 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design
GB 16796 Security alarm equipment - Safety requirements and test methods
GB/T 16855.1 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design
GB/T 16895.3 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Earthing arrangements and protective conductors
GB/T 16895.9 Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7: Requirements for special installations or locations - Section 707: Earthing requirements for the electrical installation of data processing equipment
GB 17051 Hygienic specification for facilities of secondary water supply
GB 17565 General specifications for burglary-resistant security doors
GB 17859 Classified criteria for security protection of computer information system
GB 18216.4 Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V a.c and 1 500 V d.c - Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures - Part 4: Resistance of earth connection and equipotential bonding
GB 18401 National general safety technical code for textile products
GB 18580 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of formaldehyde emission of wood-based panels and finishing products
GB 18581 Limit of harmful substances of woodenware coatings
GB 18582 Limit of harmful substances of architectural wall coatings
GB 18583 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of adhesives
GB 18584 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of wood based furniture
GB 18585 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of wallpapers
GB 18586 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of harmful substances of polyvinyl chloride floor coverings
GB 18587 Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limitations of harmful substances emitted from carpets, carpet cushions and adhesives
GB 18588 Limit of ammonia emitted from the concrete admixtures
GB/T 18664-2002 Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment
GB/T 18801 Air cleaner
GB/T 18831 Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards - Principles for design and selection
GB 18871 Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources
GB/T 18883 Standards for indoor air quality
GB/T 19258.1 Ultraviolet radiation sources for germicidal purpose - Part 1: Low pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp
GB 19489 Laboratories - General requirements for biosafety
GB 19815 Centrifuge - Safety requirements
GB/T 19851.1-2022 Sports equipment and playground for middle school and primary school - Part 1: General requirements and test methods for sports equipment
GB/T 20002.1-2008 Drafting for special aspects in standards - Part 1: Child safety
GB/T 20269 Information security technology - Information system security management requirements
GB/T 20271 Information security technology - Common techniques requirement for information system security
GB/T 20801.1 Pressure piping code - Industrial piping - Part 1: General
GB 21746 Safety requirements for the educational equipment - General principles
GB/T 21747 Educational laboratory equipment - Safety requirements and test methods for laboratory workbenches
GB 21748 Safety requirement for the educational equipment - Basic requirements for equipment and spare parts
GB 21749 Safety requirement for the educational equipment - Vitreous equipment and attachments
GB/T 21976.1-2008 Escape apparatus for building fire - Part 1: Equipping guide
GB/T 22239 Information security technology - Baseline for classified protection of cybersecurity
GB/T 22845 Anti-electrostatic glove
GB 23394 Self-contained closed-circuit breathing apparatus of compressed oxygen
GB/T 23463 Protective clothing - Protective clothing against microwave radiation
GB/T 23466 Guideline for selection of hearing protectors
GB/T 23694-2013 Risk management - Vocabulary
GB/T 23809.1 Emergency guidance systems - Setting principles and requirements - Part 1: Inside buildings
GB/T 23809.2 Emergency guidance systems - Setting principles and requirements - Part 2: Outside buildings
GB/T 23821 Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
GB 24539 Protective clothing - Chemical protective clothing
GB 24541 Hand protection - Protective gloves against mechanical risks
GB/T 25894 Escape and evacuation plan - Design principles and requirements
GB 27421 Mobile laboratories - General requirements for biosafety
GB/T 27428 General requirements for plant biosafety laboratory
GB/T 27476.6 Safety in testing laboratories - Part 6: Ionising radiations aspects
GB 28007 General technical requirements for children's furniture
GB 28008 Safety requirements of glass furniture
GB 28235 Hygienic requirements for ultraviolet appliance of disinfection
GB 28881 Hand protection - Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organisms
GB/T 28920-2012 Operation and management for dangerous solids and liquids in educational experiments
GB/T 29304-2012 Safety guide for explosion protection in explosive hazardous areas
GB/T 29315-2022 Security requirements for primary and secondary schools and kindergartens
GB 30000 (All parts) Rules for classification and labeling of chemicals
GB 30077 Requirements on emergency rescue materials equipment for hazardous chemical enterprises
GB 30533 General health and safety specification for school design
GB/T 30574-2021 Safety of machinery - Implementation criteria for safeguarding
GB 30863 Personal protective equipment - Eye and face protection - Laser eye-protectors
GB/T 31190 Technical specifications for collecting laboratory chemical waste
GB/T 31422 Personal protective equipment - General technical requirements for hearing protectors
GB/T 31523.1 Safety information identification systems - Part 1: Signs
GB/T 31523.2 Safety information identification systems - Part 2: Setting principles and requirements
GB/T 31523.3 Safety information identification systems - Part 3: Design principles and requirements
GB/T 32187 General specification for chemical agent alarm
GB/T 32487 General technical requirements for plastic furniture
GB/T 34525 Safety rules for handling, loading and unloading, storing and using of cylinder
GB/T 34662 Electrotechnical equipment - Temperatures of touchable hot surfaces
GB 35114 Technical requirements for information security of video surveillance network system for public security
GB/T 35528-2017 Safety guidelines for cryogenic liquefied gases
GB/T 37212 General technical specification of outdoor air conditioning equipment
GB/T 38134 General technical specification for professional clothing
GB/T 38144.1 Eye and face protection - Emergency shower and eyewash equipment - Part 1: Technical requirements
GB/T 38144.2 Eye and face protection - Emergency shower and eyewash equipment - Part 2: Guidance for use
GB/T 38306 Hand protection - Protective gloves against thermal risks
GB 38452 Hand protection - Protective gloves against ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination
GB/T 38696.1 Eye and face protection - Intense light sources (non-laser) protector - Part 1: Technical requirements
GB/T 39437 Technical specification for lightning protection of water supply and drainage system
GB 39800.1 Specification for the provision of personal protective equipment - Part 1: General requirement
GB/T 40378 Technical specification of treatment equipments for chemistry laboratory waste water
GB/T 40890 General quality requirements and test methods for the teaching vitreous equipment
GB/T 41108.1 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for interlocking devices - Part 1: Direct opening position switches
GB/T 41108.2 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for interlocking devices - Part 2: Interlocking devices with guard-locking
GB/T 41108.3 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for interlocking devices - Part 3: Trapped key interlocking devices and systems
GB/T 41118 Safety of machinery - Guideline for the design of safety control systems
GB/T 41344.1 Safety of machinery - Risk early-warning - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 41344.2 Safety of machinery - Risk early-warning - Part 2: Monitor
GB/T 41344.3 Safety of machinery - Risk early-warning - Part 3: Classification
GB/T 41344.4 Safety of machinery - Risk early-warning - Part 4: Measures
GB 50016 Code for fire protection design of buildings
GB 50030 Code for design of oxygen station
GB 50058 Code for design of electrical installations in explosive atmospheres
GB 50099 Code for design of school
GB 50116 Code for design of automatic fire alarm system
GB 50140 Code for design of extinguisher distribution in buildings
GB 50166 Standard for installation and acceptance of fire alarm system
GB 50169 Code for construction and acceptance of grounding connection electric equipment installation engineering
GB 50177 Design code for hydrogen station
GB 50222 Code for fire prevention in design of interior decoration of buildings
GB 50254 Code for construction and acceptance of low-voltage apparatus - Electric equipment installation engineering
GB 50325 Standard for indoor environmental pollution control of civil building engineering
GB 50346 Architectural and technical code for biosafety laboratories
GB 50348 Technical standard for security engineering
GB 50394 Code of design for intrusion alarm systems engineering
GB 50395 Code of design for video monitoring system
GB 50396 Code of design for access control systems engineering
GB/T 50526 Technical standard for public address system engineering
GB 51309 Technical standard for fire emergency lighting and evacuate indicating system
GB 51348 Standard for electrical design of civil buildings
GB 55016 General code for building environment
GB 55036-2022 General code for fire protection facilities
GB 55037 General specification for building fire protection
GBZ 2.1 Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace - Part 1: Chemical hazardous agents
GBZ 2.2 Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace - Part 2: Physical agents
GA/T 73 Burglary-resistant mechanical locks
GA 374 Burglary-resistant electronic locks
GA 1002 Public security protection requirements for hypertoxic chemicals and radioactive sources storage site
GA 1511 Public security requirements for storage sites of potential explosives by chemosynthesis
JB/T 4143 Bench grinders
JB/T 6412 Fume hood
JGJ 76 Standard for design of special education schools
JGJ 91 Standard for design of scientific research buildings
JGJ 310-2013 Code for electrical design of education buildings
JY/T 0385 Standard for science lab equipment in primary & secondary schools
QB/T 4071-2021 Chairs and tables for educational institutions
XF 1205 Fire blankets
JIANBIAO No.192 Construction standards for secondary vocational schools
JIANBIAO No.197 Standards for the construction of higher vocational schools
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 23694 and the following apply.
3.1
teaching facilities
collective term for apparatus, equipment, installations, and supporting facilities that support and ensure the normal conduct of teaching activities in areas where schools and related educational institutions carry out teaching activities (excluding dormitories, canteens, and staff offices)
3.2
risk
effect of uncertainty on objectives
Note 1: An effect is a deviation from the expected—positive and/or negative.
Note 2: Objectives can have different aspects (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental goals) and can apply at different levels (such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product, and process).
Note 3: Risk is often characterized by reference to potential events and consequences, or a combination of these.
Note 4: Risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the consequences of an event (including changes in circumstances) and the associated likelihood of occurrence.
Note 5: Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or knowledge of, an event, its consequence, or likelihood.
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 2.1]
3.3
risk source
element which alone or in combination has the intrinsic potential to give rise to risk (3.2)
Note: A risk source can be tangible or intangible.
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.5.1.2]
3.4
risk assessment
overall process of risk identification (3.5), risk analysis (3.6) and risk evaluation (3.7)
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.4.1]
3.5
risk identification
process of finding, recognizing, and describing risks (3.2)
Note 1: Risk identification involves the identification of risk sources, events, their causes and their potential consequences.
Note 2: Risk identification can involve historical data, theoretical analysis, informed and expert opinions, and stakeholders' needs.
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.5.1, modified]
3.6
risk analysis
process to comprehend the nature of risk (3.2) and to determine the level of risk (3.2)
Note 1: Risk analysis provides the basis for risk evaluation and decisions about risk treatment.
Note 2: Risk analysis includes risk estimation.
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.6.1]
Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Security principles 5 General requirements 6 Technical requirements for safety 6.1 Design and layout 6.2 Equipment installation 6.3 Facilities related to equipment 6.4 Electrical safety 6.5 Mechanical safety 6.6 Risks of strong light and radiation 6.7 Protection against released gases and substances, explosions, and implosions 6.8 Surface temperature protection 6.9 Heating and refrigeration facilities 6.10 Facilities related to hazardous chemicals 6.11 Facilities related to dust safety 6.12 Glass equipment 6.13 Storage tank for gases 6.14 Special equipment 6.15 Supply and drainage facilities 6.16 Gas supply facilities 6.17 Bio-safety 6.18 Sports equipment 6.19 School furniture 6.20 Personal protective equipment 6.21 Emergency safety facilities 6.22 Security and protection systems 6.23 Security information management system 6.24 Safety information identification systems 6.25 Instructions for use of equipment 7 Safety management requirements 7.1 Objectives 7.2 Management requirements 7.3 Risk assessment 7.4 Systems and plans 7.5 Training and education 7.6 Accident handling 7.7 Evaluation and improvement 8 Requirements for safety in use 8.1 Basic requirements 8.2 Fixedly installed facilities 8.3 Non-fixedly installed facilities Annex A (Normative) Risk assessment A.1 General requirements A.2 Risk assessment processes A.3 Risk identification basis A.4 Risk identification scope A.5 Risk identification A.6 Risk analysis A.7 Risk evaluation A.8 Risk treatment A.9 Risk assessment documents A.10 Risk assessment report A.11 Rectification of risk hazards Annex B (Informative) Common safety hazards associated with the utilization of teaching facilities in teaching areas of primary and secondary schools and corresponding countermeasures B.1 Mechanical safety hazards B.2 Safety hazards of extreme temperature (hot and cold) B.3 Safety hazards of electric B.4 Safety hazards of chemicals B.5 Safety hazards of radiation B.6 Safety hazards of bright light B.7 Safety hazards of noise B.8 Safety hazards of drowning B.9 Safety hazards of microbial B.10 Safety hazards of explosion B.11 Other safety hazards Bibliography
