GB/T 44852-2024 Electric motorcycles and electric mopeds - Safety requirements for conductive connection to external electric power supply
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements and test methods for conductive charge by conductive connection to external electric power supply for electric motorcycles and electric mopeds (hereinafter referred to as "motorcycles").
This document is applicable to the design, production, and inspection of on-board charging systems (as shown in Figures A.2 and A.3 in Annex A) and off-board charging systems (as shown in Figures A.4 and A.5) between standard plugs/plugs (case A connection) or vehicle inlet (cases B and C connection) and REESS circuits on motorcycles, as well as off-board charger components for motorcycles (as shown in Figures A.4 and A.5).
This document is not applicable to external electric power supplies and supply equipment for motorcycles.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 1002 Single phase plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Types, basic parameters and dimensions
GB/T 2099.1 Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Part 1: General requirements
GB 4706.18 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Particular requirements for battery chargers
GB/T 14048.4 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters - Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (Including motor protector)
GB/T 16895.5-2012 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-43: Protection for safety - Protection against overcurrent
GB/T 16895.23 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 6: Verification
GB/T 16935 (all parts) Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage supply systems
GB/T 16935.1 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage supply systems - Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests
GB/T 17045-2020 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installations and equipment
GB/T 17465 (all parts) Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes
GB/T 17625.2 Electromagnetic compatibility limits (EMC) - Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current ≤16A per phase and not subject to conditional connection
GB/T 17625.7 Electromagnetic compatibility - Limits - Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current ≤75 A and subject to conditional connection
GB 18384-2020 Electric vehicles safety requirements
GB/T 18487.1-2023 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 19596-2017 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 20234.1 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 20234.2 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 2: AC charging coupler
GB/T 20234.3 Connection set for conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 3: DC charging coupler
GB/T 20234.4 Connection set of conductive charging for electric vehicles - Part 4: High power DC charging coupler
GB 24155 Safety specifications for electric motorcycles and electric mopeds
GB/T 30038 Road vehicles - Degrees of protection (IP-Code)
GB/T 40428-2021 Electromagnetic compatibility requirements and test methods of conductive charging for electric vehicles
GB 42296-2022 Safety technical requirements of charger for electric bicycles
GB/T 43332-2023 Safety requirements of conductive charging and discharging for electric vehicles
IEC 61140: 2016 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment
IEC 61851-1 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements
IEC/TS 61851-3 (all parts) Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 3: DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation
IEC/TS 61851-3-1: 2023 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 3-1: DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation - General rules and requirements for stationary equipment
IEC 61851-25: 2020 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 25: DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on electrical separation
IEC 62196-2 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 2: Dimensional compatibility requirements for AC pin and contact-tube accessories
IEC/TS 62196-4 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 4: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for DC pin and contact-tube accessories for Class II or Class III applications
IEC 62196-6 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 6: Dimensional compatibility requirements for DC pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers intended to be used for DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on electrical separation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 19596-2017, GB 18384-2020, and GB/T 18487.1-2023 and the following apply.
3.1 General
3.1.1
rechargeable electrical energy storage system; REESS
energy storage system that is rechargeable and can provide electrical energy
[Source: GB 18384-2020, 3.1]
3.1.2
removable REESS
REESS that can be removed from a motorcycle manually or with the aid of a device/equipment
Note: The portable REESS and the mobile REESS are referred to as removable REESS.
3.1.3
maximum working voltage
voltage that, under normal working conditions, represents the possible AC voltage root mean square (r.m.s.) or the maximum value of DC voltage in the power system
Note: Transient peaks and ripples shall be ignored.
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.3.2.17, modified]
3.1.4
voltage class A
maximum working voltage of a circuit, part of a circuit, or electrical component that is not greater than 30V (AC, r.m.s.) or 60V (DC)
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.3.2.18, modified]
3.1.5
voltage class B
maximum working voltage of a circuit, part of a circuit, or electrical component that is greater than 30V (AC, r.m.s.) and not greater than 1,000V (AC, r.m.s.), or greater than 60V (DC) and not greater than 1,500V (DC).
Note: For voltage class A circuits and voltage class B circuits that are conductively connected to each other, if one electrode of the DC live component in the circuit is connected to the electric chassis, and the maximum voltage of any other live part relative to this electrode is not greater than 30V (AC, r.m.s.) and 60V (DC), this conductive connected circuit does not completely belong to a voltage class B electric circuit and only the part operating at voltage class B is considered as voltage class B electric circuit.
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.3.2.19, modified]
3.1.6
electric chassis
set of electrically interconnected conductive parts, whose potential is used as the reference potential
[Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.2.2.2]
3.1.7
accessible part
component that is accessible to a test finger as per GB/T 30038
3.1.8
degree of protection
degree of protection provided by the enclosure against direct contact, foreign objects, and water, which is evaluated using the test method specified in GB/T 30038
[Source: GB/T 30038-2013, 3.2, modified]
3.2 Charging
3.2.1
charging
process of adjusting the AC or DC supply network (power supply) to an appropriate voltage/current to provide electrical energy for the REESS of a motorcycle
[Source: GB/T 18487.1-2023, 3.1.1, modified]
3.2.2
conductive charge
method of charging a REESS by electrical conduction
[Source: GB/T 18487.1-2023, 3.1.3, modified]
3.2.3
external electric power supply
electric power supply outside the vehicle that supplies electricity to a motorcycle through supply equipment
3.2.4
on-board charging system
motorcycle charging system which is fixedly installed on the vehicle and has an on-board section with dedicated control functions for connecting the vehicle to an external electric power supply
3.2.5
off-board charging system
motorcycle charging system which is not fixedly installed on the vehicle and has an on-board section with dedicated control functions for connecting the vehicle to an external electric power supply
3.2.6
on-board charging equipment
equipment or equipment combination in an on-board charging system
3.2.7
charger
charger assembly excluding a cable
Contents
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements
5 Test methods
Annex A (Informative) Charging types
Annex B (Normative) Requirements for connection of motorcycles to DC supply equipment in accordance with IEC 61851-25: 2020
Annex C (Normative) Requirements for connection of motorcycles to DC supply equipment in accordance with IEC/TS 61851-3 (all parts)
Bibliography
电动摩托车和电动轻便摩托车 与外部电源传导连接的安全要求
1 范围
本文件规定了电动摩托车和电动轻便摩托车（以下简称“摩托车”）传导连接至外部电源进行传导充电的安全要求和试验方法。
本文件适用于摩托车车辆上的标准插头/供电插头（连接方式A）或车辆插座（连接方式B和连接方式C）与可充电储能系统电路之间的车载充电系统（如附录A中图A.2和图A.3）和非车载充电系统（如图A.4和图A.5），以及摩托车非车载充电器组件（如图A.4和图A.5）的设计，生产与检验。
本文件不适用于摩托车的外部电源和供电设备。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。
GB/T 1002 家用和类似用途单相插头插座 型式、基本参数和尺寸
GB/T 2099.1 家用和类似用途插头插座 第1部分：通用要求
GB 4706.18 家用和类似用途电器的安全 电池充电器的特殊要求
GB/T 14048.4 低压开关设备和控制设备 第4-1部分：接触器和电动机起动器 机电式接触器和电性引用文件（含电动机保护器）
GB/T 16895.5-2012 低压电气装置 第4-43部分：安全防护 过电流保护
GB/T 16895.23 低压电气装置 第6部分：检验
GB/T 16935（所有部分） 低供电系统内设备的绝缘配合
GB/T 16935.1 低压供电系统内设备的绝缘配合 第1部分：原理、要求和试验
GB/T 17045-2020 电击防护 装置和设备的通用部分
GB/T 17465（所有部分） 家用和类似用途器具耦合器
GB/T 17625.2 电磁兼容 限值 对每相额定电流≤16A日无条件接入的设备在公用低压供电系统中产生的电压变化、电压波动和闪烁的限制
GB/T 17625.7 电磁兼容 限值 对额定电流≤75A且有条件接入的设备在公用低压供电系统中产生的电压变化、电压波动和闪烁的限制
GB 18384-2020 电动汽车安全要求
GB/T 18487.1-2023 电动汽车传导充电系统 第1部分：通用要求
GB/T 19596-2017 电动汽车术语
GB/T 20234.1 电动汽车传导充电用连接装置 第1部分：通用要求
GB/T 20234.2 电动汽车传导充电用连接装置 第2部分：交流充电接口
GB/T 20234.3 电动汽车传导充电用连接装置 第3部分：直流充电接口
GB/T 20234.4 电动汽车传导充电用连接装置 第4部分：大功率直流充电接口
GB 24155 电动摩托车和电动轻便摩托车安全要求
GB/T 30038 道路车辆 电气电子设备防护等级（IP代码）
GB/T 40428-2021 电动汽车传导充电电磁兼容性要求和试验方法
GB 42296-2022 电动自行车用充电器安全技术要求
GB/T 43332-2023 电动汽车传导充放电安全要求
IEC 61140：2016 电击防护 装置和设备的一般要求（Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment）
IEC 61851-1 电动车辆传导充电系统 第1部分：一般要求（Electric vehicle conductive charging system – Part 1: General requirements）
IEC/TS 61851-3（所有部分） 电动车辆传导充电系统 第3部分：依靠双重或加强绝缘保护的直流电动车辆供电设备（Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part3: DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation）
IEC/TS 61851-3-1：2023 电动车辆传导充电系统 第3-1部分：依靠双重或加强绝缘保护的直流电动车辆供电设备 固定设备的一般规则和要求（Electric vehicle conductive charging system – Part 3-l: DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation – General rules and requirements for stationary equipment）
IEC 61851-25：2020 电动车辆传导充电系统 第25部分：使用电气隔离进行保护的直流电动车辆供电设备（Electric vehicle conductive charging system – Part 25: DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on electrical separation）
IEC 62196-2 供电插头、供电插座、车辆插头和车辆插座 电动车辆的传导充电 第2部分：交流插头和接触管附件的尺寸兼容性要求（Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric vehicles – Part 2: Dimensional compatibility requirements for AC pin and contact-tube accessories）
IEC/TS 62196-4 供电插头、供电插座、车辆插头和车辆插座 电动车辆的传导充电 第4部分：Ⅱ类或Ⅲ类应用的直流销和接触管附件的尺寸兼容性和互换性要求（Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric vehicles – Part 4: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for DC pin and contact-tube accessories for Class II or Class III applications）
IEC 62196-6 供电插头、供电插座、车辆插头和车辆插座 电动车辆的传导充电 第6部分：用于直流电动车辆供电设备的直流销和接触管车辆接口的尺寸兼容性要求（Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric vehicles – Part 6: Dimensional compatibility requirements for DC pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers intended to be used for DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on electrical separation）
3 术语和定义
GB/T 19596-2017、GB 18384-2020、GB/T 18487.1-2023界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1 通用
3.1.1
可充电储能系统rechargeable electrical energy storage system；REESS
可充电的且可以提供电能的能量存储系统。
[来源：GB 18384-2020，3.1]
3.1.2
可拆卸式可充电储能系统removable REESS
用手或借助装置/设备从摩托车上移动/移除的可充电储能系统。
注：便携式可充电储能系统、移动式可充电储能系统，简称可拆卸REESS。
3.1.3
最大工作电压maximum working voltage
在正常工作状态下，电力系统中可能发生的交流电压有效值（r.m.s.）或直流电压最大值的电压。
注：忽略暂态峰值和纹波。
[来源：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.3.2.17，有修改]
3.1.4
A级电压voltage class A
电路、电路的一部分或电气部件的最大工作电压不大于30V（AC，r.m.s.），或不大于60V（DC）的电压。
[来源：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.3.2.18，有修改]
3.1.5
B级电压voltage class B
电路、电路的一部分或电气部件的最大工作电压大于30V（AC，r.m.s.）且不大于1000V（AC. r.m.s.），或大于60V（DC）且不大于1500V（DC）的电压。
注：对于相互导电连接的A级电压电路和B级电压电路，当电路中直流带电部件的一极与电平台相连，且其他任一带电部分与这一极的最大电压值不大于30V（AC，r.m.s，）且不大于60V（DC），则该传导连接电路不完全属于B级电压电路，只有以B级电压运行的部分才被认定为B级电压电路。
[来源：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.3.2.19，有修改]
3.1.6
电平台electric chassis
一组电气相联的可导电部分，其电位作为基准电位。
[来源：GB/T 19596-2017，3.1.2.2.2]
3.1.7
可触及部分accessible part
通过GB/T 30038测试手指可接触的部件。
3.1.8
防护等级degree of protection
通过GB/T 30038测试方法，评定外壳对直接接触、外来物和水所提供的防护程度。
[来源：GB/T 30038-2013，3.2，有修改]
3.2 充电
3.2.1
充电charging
将交流或直流供电网（电源）调整为适当的电压/电流，为摩托车可充电储能系统提供电能。
[来源：GB/T 18487.1-2023，3.1.1，有修改]
3.2.2
传导充电conductive charge
利用电传导给可充电储能系统进行充电的方式。
[来源：GB/T 18487.1-2023，3.1.3，有修改]
3.2.3
外部电源external electric power supply
通过供电设备向摩托车提供电能的车外电源。
3.2.4
车载充电系统on-board charging system
摩托车充电系统固定安装车辆上，具有用于将车辆连接到外部电源的专用控制功能的车载部分。
3.2.5
非车载充电系统off-board charging system
摩托车充电系统非固定安装车辆上，具有用于将车辆连接到外部电源的专用控制功能的车载部分。
3.2.6
车载充电设备on-board charging equipment
车载充电系统中的设备或设备组合。
3.2.7
充电器charger
不包括电缆的充电器组件，
3.2.8
充电器组件charger assembly
包括电缆，执行电池充电所需功能的电源转换器。
3.2.9
供电电路power supply circuit
包括标准插头/供电插头（连接方式A）或车辆插座（连接方式B和连接方式C），以及与标准插头/供电插头（连接方式A）或车辆插座（连接方式B和连接方式C）传导连接的所有部分，在由的用于连接外部电源的B级电压电路。
注：摩托车供电电路包括摩托车供电电路的车载部分和归属于外部电源的非车载部分
[来源：GB/T 43332-2023，3.3，有修改]
3.2.10
初级电路primary circuit
充电器中与供电网络（电源）进行电连接的电路
