Smart community infrastructures - Smart transportation using battery-powered buses for passenger services
1 Scope
This document specifies a procedure for the introduction of smart transportation to city centres by means of battery-powered buses. This service contributes to a clean atmosphere and a relatively quiet environment while offering services that provide safe and comfortable rides for citizens.
This document applies to passenger service agencies and parties concerned that use battery-powered buses in smart transportation.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
battery-powered bus
bus run by electric power that is provided only with onboard rechargeable batteries
3.2
rechargeable battery
battery which can be recharged within an allowable waiting time for the next operation
Note: Battery recharging shall be completed in the same bus operation schedule as already adopted so that buses currently in service can simply and successfully be replaced with battery-powered buses.
3.3
recharging
putting an electrical charge back into battery-powered buses (3.1)
Note: Recharging can be done by directly applying voltage to batteries onboard or, if the work can be completed in the current allowable waiting time, by swapping discharged and fully charged batteries. Wireless charging while battery-powered buses are running could be another way to recharge batteries onboard, if this procedure does not disturb current bus operation.
4 General
4.1 Battery-powered buses are driven with traction motors run by electricity.
Note: Motors can indirectly convert fuel energy into driving forces extremely efficiently by consuming electricity that is generated from chemical energy (coal and fuel, etc.) and new energy resources (water, nuclear and wind, etc.). Thus, motor traction saves energy compared with engine traction, which burns fuel directly. In addition, battery-powered buses emit no pollutants or GHGs into the atmosphere (see Annex A, Annex B and Annex C, which show a typical application).
4.2 No changes should be made to current operating systems, including working schedules, dispatching and facilities related to internal-combustion-engine-driven bus operations.
4.3 Smart transportation aims to solve and improve the issues of air pollution from GHGs, noise and vibration, etc.
5 Operation of smart transportation using battery-powered buses
5.1 General
5.1.1 When all internal-combustion-engine-driven buses in service are replaced, or when battery-powered buses are newly installed in an area where no bus operation has been in service, it is necessary to follow the requirements given in 5.2.5, 5.2.6 and 5.2.9.
5.1.2 If there are both internal-combustion-engine-driven buses and battery-powered buses, it is necessary to follow the requirements given in 5.2.1-5.2.9.
5.2 Minimum requirements
5.2.1 Recharging
Recharging work shall be completed within the same working schedules as those applied to current internal-combustion-engine-driven bus operation in the replacement with battery-powered buses. Allocate recharging work to refuelling work time or stand-by time for the next turn-back operation at a terminal. Electrical capacity shall be capable of supporting battery-powered bus recharging. Cities can implement renewable energy as one of the options for recharging (see Annex B).
5.2.2 Scheduling/dispatching
Operation scheduling and bus dispatching shall be organized to permit current internal-combustion-engine-driven bus operation even when it is partly or entirely replaced with battery-powered bus operation.
5.2.3 Maintenance work
All maintenance work, such as cleaning, inspecting and overhauling bus vehicles, shall be completed in the same working schedules as for current maintenance work for internal-combustion-engine-driven buses, for replacement with battery-powered buses.
5.2.4 Passenger services
All passenger services, including fare payment, in-/out-coming, coach accommodations and passenger capacity, shall be neither inconvenient nor poorer than those currently organized when replaced with battery-powered buses.
Note: emergency disposal of battery-powered buses, see JT/T 1156.
5.2.5 Safety and ride comfort
Battery-powered buses shall provide safer and more comfortable rides than internal-combustion-engine-driven buses, especially when the bus suddenly accelerates or brakes. To measure the improvement, appropriate metrics already published should be used.
5.2.6 Weather and climate conditions
Battery-powered buses shall be operated under the same weather and climate conditions in which internal-combustion-engine-driven buses are operated.
5.2.7 Driving conditions
Battery-powered buses shall be operated under the same bus-driving conditions as those with internal-combustion-engine-driven buses.
5.2.8 Driving skills/performance
No specific skills or experience shall be required to drive battery-powered buses.
5.2.9 Energy saving
The operation schedule and running performance of battery-powered buses shall be optimized and controlled, respectively, in order to save battery energy consumption.
