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GB 21670-2025 Technical requirements and testing methods for passenger car braking systems English, PDF 1 Scope This document specifies the structural and functional requirements, test and performance requirements and the same type determination requirements of passenger car braking systems, and describes the corresponding test methods. This document is applicable to M1 vehicles specified in GB/T 15089. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies. GB 4094 Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales of motor vehicles GB/T 5345 Road vehicles - Labelling of containers for petroleum-based or non-petroleum-based brake fluid GB/T 5620 Road vehicles - Vocabulary and definition for braking of automotive vehicles and their trailers GB 12981 Motor vehicle brake fluids GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers GB/T 34590 (all parts) Road vehicles - Functional safety GB 34660 Road vehicles - Requirements and test methods of electromagnetic compatibility 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this standard, the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 5620 and GB/T 34590.1 as well as the following ones apply. 3.1 braking equipment all braking systems fitted to a vehicle 3.2 braking system a combination of components consisting of control device, transmission device, and brake, which can reduce the speed of a moving vehicle progressively or bring it to a halt, or keep it stationary when halted 3.3 control device a part actuated directly by the driver to supply or control the energy required for braking or controlling the transmission device Note: Such energies include the physical strength of the driver, other energy sources controlled by the driver or a combination of different energies. 3.4 transmission device combination of components between the control device and the brake to realize the functional connection between them Note 1: Transmission devices are classified as mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electric or hybrid types. Note 2: When the braking force is provided or assisted by energy other than the driver's physical strength, the energy accumulator is regarded as a part of the transmission device. Note 3: The transmission device has two independent functions: control transmission and energy transmission. When the word "transmission" is used solely in this document, it means "control transmission" and "energy transmission". 3.4.1 control transmission device combination of components in the transmission device that control the brake, having control function and the required energy accumulator 3.4.2 energy transmission device combination of components that provide the brake with the energy required for its function, including the energy accumulator required for the brake to work 3.5 brake component that generates a force that is opposite to the movement trend of the vehicle Note: Including friction brake (the braking force is generated by friction between two parts in the vehicle with relative motion), electric brake (the braking force is generated by electromagnetic action between two parts in the vehicle with relative motion but not in contact with each other), hydraulic brake (the braking force is generated by liquid with relative motion between two parts of the vehicle) and engine retarder (artificially increasing engine braking effect and transmitting force to wheels). 3.6 component of braking system individual components that can be assembled to be a braking system 3.7 graduated/modulatable braking braking process in which the driver can control the control device at any time within the normal control range during braking, and adjust the braking force with sufficient accuracy, so that the braking force increases or decreases with the control amplitude (monotonic function) 3.8 distribution of mass among the axles distribution of the gravity of the vehicle and its loading mass between axles 3.9 wheel/axle load vertical static reaction of the pavement to one/all wheels of an axle in the contact area 3.10 hydraulic braking system with stored energy braking equipment powered by pressurized liquid stored in an energy accumulator Note: The pressure liquid is supplied by the hydraulic pump with pressure limiting device, and the pressure limit is specified by the manufacturer. 3.11 actuation function and release of control device 3.12 electric regenerative braking system braking system that converts kinetic energy of a vehicle into electrical energy during deceleration 3.12.1 electric regenerative braking control device that modulates the braking effect of the electric regenerative braking system 3.12.2 electric regenerative braking system of category A electric regenerative braking system that does not belong to the service braking system 3.12.3 electric regenerative braking system of category B electric regenerative braking system that belongs to the service braking system 3.13 traction battery; propulsion battery batteries that provide energy for the power system of electric vehicles [Source: GB/T 19596-2017, 3.3.1.1.1.1] 3.14 state-of-charge; SOC percentage of the capacity that can be released from the current battery (such as battery and super-capacitor) to the available capacity 3.15 phased braking braking that two or more brake sources use the same control device to give priority to one brake source by delaying the other brake sources, so that it can strengthen the necessary control actions before the other brake sources work 3.16 automatically commanded braking function that the electronic control system automatically controls the braking system or the brakes of an axle to brake according to the result of automatic evaluation of vehicle information, so as to slow down the vehicle 3.17 selective braking function that the electronic control system automatically brakes a single brake and adjust the state of the vehicle through deceleration 3.18 nominal value reference braking performance obtained by assigning values to the input-output transfer function of each vehicle braking system, which is used to represent the relationship between the braking intensity that the vehicle can produce and the braking input variable level Note: "nominal value" is defined as a characteristic parameter indicating the relationship between the braking intensity of the vehicle itself and the braking input variable. 3.19 braking signal logic signal indicating braking trigger 3.20 emergency braking signal logic signal indicating emergency braking trigger 3.21 wheel lock state that when the vehicle speed is greater than 15km/h, the rotation speed of the wheel is 0 r/min or the duration of 100% wheel slip rate is greater than or equal to 100ms (500ms for ABS test on low adhesion coefficient pavement) 3.22 yaw angle included angle between the center line and the driving reference line when the vehicle stops driving 3.23 anti-lock braking system; ABS system which can automatically control the degree of slip, in the direction of rotation of one or more wheels of the vehicle during braking 3.24 sensor component used to identify the motion state of the vehicle or the rotation state of the wheel and transmit such information to the components of the controller 3.25 controller component used to process the information provided by the sensor and send instructions to the components of the modulator 3.26 modulator component used to modulate the braking force according to the controller instruction received 3.27 directly controlled wheel 1) wheel whose braking force is modulated according to data provided by the sensor of the vehicle 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. areduced: value after the deceleration demand value is reduced aref: deceleration demand value B: braking force BEF: braking efficiency factor dm: maximum average deceleration dM: maximum value of the average deceleration of passenger cars in the O-type test of power disengagement dM+R: calculated average deceleration of the passenger car when it is connected with a non-braking trailer Dw: ratio of wheel cylinder inner diameter to piston diameter Δd: value of the thickness of a new brake lining (maximum brake lining thickness) minus the thickness of a brake lining completely worn (minimum brake lining thickness declared by the manufacturer) Δt: braking cycle, the time from the start of one braking to that of the next one E: wheelbase ε: utilization ratio of adhesion coefficient, that is, the quotient of the maximum braking strength and the theoretical adhesion coefficient when the anti-lock braking system is working εH: ε value on pavement with high adhesion coefficient εL: ε value on pavement with low adhesion coefficient F: braking force Ff: brake force of front axle Ffdyn: dynamic load on the front axle of motor vehicle Fr: braking force of rear axle fr: rolling resistance coefficient Frdyn: dynamic load on the rear axle of motor vehicle Fi: normal static reaction of pavement to i-axis g: gravity acceleration, g=9.81m/s2 h: height of the center of mass specified by the manufacturer and approved by the testing organization that conducted the test i: axle number (for front axle, i = 1; for rear axle, i=2) J: braking deceleration k: adhesion coefficient between tire and pavement kf: k value of a front axle kH: k value measured on high adhesion coefficient pavement kL: k value measured on low adhesion coefficient pavement klock: adhesion coefficient value when the slip rate is 100% kM: k value of motor vehicle kpeak: maximum value of "adhesion coefficient-slip rate" curve kr: k value of a rear axle 5 Construction and function requirements 5.1 Braking equipment 5.1.1 Overall requirements 5.1.1.1 The design, manufacture and installation of vehicle braking equipment shall ensure that it can still be used as usual under the influence of driving vibration and meet the requirements of this document. 5.1.1.2 The design, manufacture and installation of braking equipment shall ensure it has anti-corrosion and anti-aging ability. 5.1.1.3 Brake linings shall be free from asbestos. 5.1.1.4 The efficiency of braking equipment shall be free from adverse influence of magnetic field or electric field, and shall be verified according to the requirements of electromagnetic radiation immunity test for vehicles in GB 34660. 5.1.1.5 On the premise of not impairing the braking performance, the command signal transmitted by the failure detection signal interrupt control shall not exceed 10ms. 5.1.2 Function of braking equipment 5.1.2.1 Service braking Regardless of the speed, load, uphill or downhill, the service braking system shall be able to control the vehicle to slow down or stop safely, quickly and effectively. The braking shall be progressive /adjustable. Ensure that the driver can brake without removing his both hands from the steering wheel at the driving position. 5.1.2.2 Emergency braking When the service braking system fails, the emergency braking system shall be able to stop the vehicle within a proper distance. The braking shall be progressive /adjustable. Ensure that the driver can brake without removing his both hands from the steering wheel at the driving position. The premise of this requirement is that the service braking system does not have more than one failure at the same time. 5.1.2.3 Parking braking The working parts of the parking brake system shall be locked by pure mechanical devices, so that the vehicle can stop on the up/down ramp even if the driver is absent. The driver shall be able to brake at his driving position. 5.1.3 Functional safety requirements of brake electronic control system The functional safety requirements of the brake electronic control system shall meet Annex A. The functional safety test report of the brake electronic control system shall meet Annex B. The functional safety description requirements of the brake electronic control system shall meet Annex C. This subclause is applicable to the braking electronic control system with functions such as anti-lock braking, regenerative braking with electric power, parking braking with electronic transmission, service braking with electric control transmission and service braking with electric power transmission. 5.2 Characteristics of braking system 5.2.1 The whole braking system of the vehicle shall meet the requirements of the vehicle for service braking system, emergency braking system and parking braking system. 5.2.2 If the components of service brake system, emergency braking system and parking braking system are shared, the following conditions shall be met. a) At least two control devices which are independent of each other and easy for the driver to operate at his driving position are provided. All control devices shall be returned when the brake is released (this requirement does not apply to the parking braking control device that is mechanically locked at the braking position). b) The control device of the service brake system and the control device of the parking brake system shall be independent of each other. 乘用车制动系统技术要求及试验方法 1范围 本文件规定了乘用车制动系统的结构和功能要求、试验和性能要求及同一型式判定要求，描述了相应的试验方法。 本文件适用于GB/T 15089规定的M1类车辆。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB 4094汽车操纵件、指示器及信号装置的标志 GB/T 5345道路车辆 石油基或非石油基制动液容器的标识 GB/T 5620道路车辆 汽车和挂车制动名词术语及其定义 GB 12981机动车辆制动液 GB/T 15089机动车辆及挂车分类 GB/T 34590(所有部分)道路车辆 功能安全 GB 34660道路车辆 电磁兼容性要求和试验方法 3术语和定义 GB/T 5620和GB/T 34590.1界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 制动装备 braking equipment 装备在车辆上的所有制动系统。 3.2 制动系统 braking system 由控制装置、传输装置和制动器组成，使行驶车辆逐步减速或停车，或使已经停驶的车辆保持静止状态的零部件组合。 3.3 控制装置 control device 由驾驶人直接操纵向传输装置提供制动或控制所需能量的部件。 注：这些能量包括驾驶人的体力、来自驾驶人控制的其他能源或不同能量的组合。 3.4 传输装置 transmission device 处于控制装置和制动器之间并使两者实现功能连接的零部件组合。 注1：传输装置分为机械式、液压式、气压式、电力式或混合式。 注2：制动力由驾驶人体力以外的能源提供或助力时，储能器视为传输装置的一部分。 注3：传输装置具有两种独立的功能：控制传输和能量传输。本文件单独使用“传输”一词时，同时具有“控制传输”和“能量传输”两种含义。 3.4.1 控制传输装置 control transmission device 传输装置中控制制动器工作的零部件组合，具有控制功能和所需的储能器。 3.4.2 能量传输装置 energy transmission device 向制动器提供其功能所需能量的零部件组合，包括制动器工作所需的储能器。 3.5 制动器 brake 产生与车辆运动趋势相反的力的部件。 注：包括摩擦式制动器(制动力由车辆中具有相对运动的两个部件摩擦产生)、电力制动器(制动力由车辆中具有相对运动但不互相接触的两个部件间的电磁作用产生)、液力制动器(制动力由位于车辆的两个部件间、具有相对运动的液体产生)和发动机缓速器(人为增加发动机制动作用，并将力传递到车轮上)。 3.6 制动系统的零部件 component of braking system 可组装构成制动系统的单个零部件。 3.7 渐进/可调节制动 graduated/modulatable braking 制动作用期间，驾驶人可在正常操纵范围内随时操纵控制装置，以足够的精度调整制动力大小，使制动力随操纵幅度的大小而增加或减少(单调函数)的制动过程。 3.8 轴荷分配 distribution of mass among the axles 车辆及其装载质量的重力作用在车轴间的分配。 3.9 轮/轴荷 wheel/axle load 在接触区域内、路面对某车轴的一个/全部车轮的垂直静态反力。 3.10 储能式液压制动系统 hydraulic braking system with stored energy 由存储在储能器中的压力液体供能的制动装备。 注：压力液体由装有限压装置的液压泵供给，限压值由制造商规定。 3.11 促动 actuation 控制装置的作用和释放。 3.12 电力再生式制动系统 electric regenerative braking system 在减速过程中将车辆动能转化为电能的制动系统。 3.12.1 电力再生式制动控制装置 electric regenerative braking control 调节电力再生式制动系统制动作用的装置。 3.12.2 A 型电力再生式制动系统 electric regenerative braking system of category A 不属于行车制动系统的电力再生式制动系统。 3.12.3 B 型电力再生式制动系统 electric regenerative braking system of category B 属于行车制动系统的电力再生式制动系统。 3.13 动力蓄电池 traction battery；propulsion battery 为电动汽车动力系统提供能量的蓄电池。 [来源：GB/T 19596—2017，3.3.1.1.1.1] 3.14 荷电状态 state-of-charge；SOC 蓄电装置(如蓄电池、超级电容等)中当前可以释放的容量占可用容量的百分比。 3.15 相位制动 phased braking 两个或两个以上的制动源采用同一个控制装置，通过延后其他制动源来给予某个制动源以优先权，使其在其他制动源工作之前加强必要的控制动作。 3.16 自动控制制动 automatically commanded braking 电子控制系统根据车辆信息自动评价的结果，自动操纵制动系统或某车轴的制动器进行制动，使车辆减速的功能。 3.17 选择制动 selective braking 电子控制系统以自动方式对单个制动器进行制动，通过减速对车辆状态进行调整的功能。 3.18 标称值 nominal value 给各车辆制动系统的输入-输出传递函数分别赋值所得到的基准制动性能，用来表征车辆自身所能产生的制动强度与制动输入变量水平之间的关系。 注：“标称值”被定义为表示车辆自身制动强度与制动输入变量之间关系的特性参数。 3.19 制动信号 braking signal 指示制动触发的逻辑信号。 3.20 紧急制动信号 emergency braking signal 指示紧急制动触发的逻辑信号。 3.21 车轮抱死 wheel locking 在车速大于15km/h 时，车轮的转速为0r/min 或车轮的滑移率为100% 的持续时间大于或等于100ms(对在低附着系数路面上进行的ABS 试验，该时间为500ms)的状态。 3.22 横摆角 yaw angle 车辆停止行驶时的中心线与行驶基准线所构成的夹角。 3.23 防抱制动系统 anti-lock braking system；ABS 制动过程中，能自动控制车辆的一个或几个车轮在其旋转方向上的滑移程度的系统。 3.24 传感器 sensor 用于识别车辆的运动状态或车轮的旋转状态，并将这些信息传递给控制器的零部件。 3.25 控制器 controller 用于处理传感器提供的信息，并发出指令给调节器的零部件。 3.26 调节器 modulator 用于按收到的控制器指令调节制动力的零部件。 3.27 直接控制车轮1)directly controlled wheel 根据车辆自身车轮传感器提供的数据调节其制动力的车轮。 3.28 间接控制车轮1)indirectly controlled wheel 根据其他车轮的传感器提供的数据来调节制动力的车轮。 1)高选控制的防抱制动系统可认为包括直接控制车轮和间接控制车轮。低选控制的防抱制动系统，其所有装备传感器的车轮均视为直接控制车轮。 3.29 全循环 full cycling 防抱制动系统反复调节制动力以防止直接控制车轮抱死的方式。 注：在制动至停车过程中只进行一次调节的不符合该定义。 3.30 电子控制系统 electronic control system 通过电子数据处理方式协同实现车辆控制功能的一系列单元的组合。 注：该系统通常通过软件控制，由传感器、控制器和执行器等独立的功能组件构成，并通过传输链相连接。该系统包括机械、电子-气压及电子-液压等单元。 3.31 单元 unit 系统组件的最小划分，可组合构成可识别、分析或更换的单独实体。 3.32 传输链 transmission links 为了传输信号、运行数据或能量供给而用于连接内部单元的方式。 注：通常是电子的，或是机械、气压、液压或光学的。 3.33 有效工作范围 boundary of functional operation 系统能保持控制的外部物理界限的范围。 3.34 能量源 energy source 产生和提供制动系统所需能量的装置。 3.35 蓄电装置 electrical storage device 能够储存电能并向制动系统的传输装置提供电能的装置或装置的组合。 注：为单个制动回路提供能量而串联和/或并联的多个蓄电装置视为一个蓄电装置。 3.36 供电装置 electrical supply 为制动系统的蓄电装置提供电能的装置。 示例：电池、可充电储能系统(REESS)、发电机、燃料电池等或这些零部件的组合。 3.37 蓄电状态 state of an electrical storage device 当前蓄电装置提供功率(W)和电量(Wh)的能力。 3.38 蓄电性能 performance of an electrical storage device 蓄电装置在完全充电时提供功率(W)和电量(Wh)的能力。 3.39 电力传输制动系统 electrical transmission braking system；ETBS 行车制动力及其传输仅由驾驶人控制的蓄电装置提供电能的制动系统。 3.40 制动需求值 brake demand value 采用电力促动以产生制动力的单个车轮或单根车轴制动的需求值。 3.41 老化效应 effect of ageing 因时间、使用和环境等因素导致的蓄电性能的不可逆衰减。 3.42 能量管理系统 energy management system 监测影响蓄电性能和蓄电状态的关键变量(例如电压、温度、内阻、老化效应、荷电状态、功耗、充电循环等)，并推断蓄电装置的实际能力是否满足设计要求的系统。 注：能量管理系统不必是ETBS 的一部分，但被ETBS 使用。 4符号和缩略语 4.1符号 下列符号适用于本文件。 areduced：减速度需求值减少后的值。 aref：减速度需求值。 B：制动力。 BEF：制动效能因数。 dm：充分发出的平均减速度。 dM：乘用车在动力脱开的O型试验中充分发出的平均减速度的最大值。 dM+R：计算得出的乘用车挂接无制动挂车时充分发出的平均减速度。 Dw：轮缸内径与活塞直径的比值。 Δd：全新制动衬片的厚度(最大制动衬片厚度)减去完全磨损的制动衬片的厚度(制造商声明的最小制动衬片厚度)的值。 Δt：制动循环周期，从一次制动开始到下一次制动开始所经历的时间。 E：轴距。 ε：附着系数利用率，即防抱制动系统工作时最大制动强度和理论附着系数的商。 εH：在高附着系数路面上的ε值。 εL：在低附着系数路面上的ε值。
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| GB 21670-2025, GB/T 21670-2025, GBT 21670-2025, GB21670-2025, GB 21670, GB21670, GB/T21670-2025, GB/T 21670, GB/T21670, GBT21670-2025, GBT 21670, GBT21670 | ||