GB 20943-2025 Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for AC-DC and AC-AC power supplies
1 Scope
This document specifies the energy efficiency grades and energy efficiency limits of power supplies (hereinafter referred to as products) that convert AC voltage to low-voltage DC (not more than 60V) or low-voltage AC (not more than 42.4V) output voltages under 220V and 50Hz power supply conditions, and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document is applicable to:
a) External power supply with rated output power not greater than 500W and internal power supply with rated output power not greater than 27.5kW for microcomputers and servers;
b) Extension cord receptacles, wall receptacles, and power parts of converters for power adapters with universal serial bus (USB) ports.
This document is not applicable to, except those specified in b), combined products with an external power supply as an auxiliary function, combined products with batteries (including products that charge independent batteries), external power supplies with wireless charging, external power supplies for power over ethernet (POE), and products that power industrial equipment, vehicles, and medical devices.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 8170 Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting values
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
external power supply
adapter
product that converts the AC grid voltage to DC or AC voltage and is connected to electrical products through wires, cables or other interfaces to provide one or more DC or AC output voltages when in use
Note: The power supply can be used independently, not fixed on the electrical products, and completely separated from the electrical products.
3.2
single voltage output external power supply
external power supply that provides only one DC or AC output voltage per use
Note: The power supply with nominal output voltage less than 6V and nominal output current greater than or equal to 550mA is low-voltage single voltage output external power supply, or basic voltage single voltage output external power supply, except for low voltage.
3.3
adjustable voltage single voltage output external power supply
external power supply is adjustable by means of single-port protocol and other methods, and provides only one DC or AC output voltage per use
3.4
multiple voltage output external power supply
external power supply that connected to electrical products through multiple wires, cables or multiple output ports to provide more DC or AC output voltages when in use
3.5
internal power supply
AC-DC power supply that connected to equipment or components that use its power supply through output connector, and jointly installed in the same equipment housing, with a relatively independent power supply form
3.6
active mode
the mode of output current between zero (excluding) to rated current where the input end of product is connected to network source and output end is connected to load
3.7
no load mode
the mode that the input end of product is connected to the network source and the output end is not connected to load or the load does not consume electric energy
3.8
active mode efficiency
ratio of actual output power to actual input active power where the product reaches steady active mode
3.9
average efficiency
average of active mode efficiency of product under the current intensity of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the rated output current.
3.10
minimum allowable values of energy efficiency for external power supply
the allowable minimum average efficiency, the maximum active power under no-load conditions and the minimum power factor in the rated state of product under the test conditions specified in this document
3.11
minimum allowable values of energy efficiency for internal power supply
the allowable minimum active mode efficiency and the minimum power factor of product under the test conditions specified in this document
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Energy efficiency grade
4.1.1 Energy efficiency grade of external power supply
Energy efficiency grades of external power supply are classified into 3 grades and energy efficiency Grade 1 therein is the highest. The minimum average efficiency at each level of active mode, maximum active power under no load mode, and minimum power factor under rated condition of the external power supply shall meet the requirements of Tables 1 to 4. Among them, for products with adjustable voltage single voltage output, two modes of minimum output voltage and maximum output voltage shall be tested. As the nominal value of output power shall meet the requirements of Table 3, the lower of the corresponding level of the two shall be selected to determine the energy efficiency grade of the product.
The minimum average efficiency in the active mode, the maximum active power in the no load mode, and the minimum power factor in the rated state of the external power supply shall be rounded off to 3 decimal places in accordance with GB/T 8170.
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Technical requirements
5 Test methods
Annex A (Normative) Test methods of external power supply average efficiency, no-load active power and power factor
Annex B (Normative) Methods of multiple voltage output external power supply load combination
Annex C (Informative) Example description of multiple voltage output external power supply load combination
Annex D (Normative) Test methods of embedded power supply efficiency and power factor
交流-直流和交流-交流 电源能效限定值及能效等级
1 范围
本文件规定了在220V、50Hz供电条件下将交流电压转换为低压直流(不大于60V)或低压交流(不大于42.4V)输出电压的电源(以下简称产品)的能效等级和能效限定值，描述了相应试验方法。
本文件适用于：
a)额定输出功率不大于500W的外部电源和额定输出功率不大于27.5kW的微型计算机和服务器用嵌入式电源；
b)带通用串行总线(USB)端口电源适配器的延长线插座、墙壁式插座和转换器的电源部分。
本文件不适用于除b)之外的以外部电源为辅助功能的组合式产品、带电池的组合式产品(含给独立电池充电的产品)、带无线充电功能的外部电源、以太网供电(POE)外部电源,也不适用于给工业用设备、交通工具、医疗器械供电的产品。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 8170 数值修约规则与极限数值的表示和判定
3 术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
外部电源 external power supply
电源适配器 adapter
将交流电网电压转换为直流或者交流电压,通过电线、电缆或其他接口与用电产品相连接,使用时提供一个或多个直流或者交流输出电压的产品。
注：电源可独立使用,不固定安装于用电产品上,与用电产品完全分离。
3.2
单路输出式外部电源 single voltage output external power supply
每次使用时只提供一个直流或者交流输出电压的外部电源。
注：标称输出电压小于6V且标称输出电流大于或者等于550mA的为低电压单路输出式外部电源,除低电压以外的为基本电压单路输出式外部电源。
3.3
可调电压单路输出式外部电源 adjustable voltage single voltage output external power supply
通过单口协议等方式实现输出电压可调，且每次使用时只提供一个直流或者交流输出电压的外部电源。
3.4
多路输出式外部电源 multiple voltage output external power supply
通过多路电线、电缆或多个输出端口与用电产品相连接，使用时，能同时提供多个直流或者交流输出电压的外部电源。
3.5
嵌入式电源 internal power supply
通过输出连接器与使用其供电的设备或组件等进行连接，并共同安装于同一设备外壳内，具备相对独立电源形态的交流-直流电源。
3.6
工作状态 active mode
产品输入端连接到电网电源上，输出端连接到负载上，输出电流在零(不含)至额定电流之间的状态。
3.7
空载状态 noload mode
产品输入端连接到电网电源上,输出端不连接负载或负载不消耗电能的状态。
3.8
工作效率 active mode efficiency
产品达到稳定工作状态时，实际输出功率与实际输入有功功率之比。
3.9
平均效率 average efficiency
产品在满足额定输出电流的100%、75%、50%和25%四种电流强度的工作状态下的工作效率的平均值。
3.10
外部电源能效限定值 minimum allowable values of energy efficiency for external power supply
在本文件规定测试条件下，所允许的产品最小的平均效率、空载状态下最大的有功功率和额定状态下的最小功率因数。
3.11
嵌入式电源能效限定值 minimum allowable values of energy efficiency for internal power supply
在本文件规定测试条件下,所允许的产品最小的工作效率和最小功率因数值。
4 技术要求
4.1 能效等级
4.1.1 外部电源能效等级
外部电源能效等级分为3级,其中1级能效最高。外部电源各等级工作状态下的最小平均效率、空载状态下的最大有功功率和额定状态下的最小功率因数应符合表1~表4的规定。其中，可调电压单路输出式产品，则应测试最小输出电压与最大输出电压两种状态,依据输出功率标称值符合表3的规定，取两者对应等级的较低者判定产品能效等级。
外部电源工作状态下的最小平均效率、空载状态下的最大有功功率和额定状态下的最小功率因数数值应按照GB/T 8170的规定进行修约，均修约到3位小数。
