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1 General Provisions 1.0.1 Purpose This standard was developed in order to enhance the quality management of highway engineering, unify the quality control standards and evaluation criteria of highway engineering and assure the engineering quality. 1.0.2 Application scope This standard is applicable to the quality inspection and evaluation on the construction and reconstruction engineering of Class IV and above highways, and the part on their environmental protection and electromechanical engineering shall be implemented according to corresponding specific provisions. This standard is applicable to the management, monitoring, inspection and evaluation of the construction organization of highway engineering, engineering supervision organization, construction organization, quality detection organization and quality supervision department on the quality of highway engineering. 1.0.3 Relationship with relevant specifications The quality inspection and evaluation on highway engineering shall be subject to this standard. And it should be subject to the newly issued edition if the quality standard is inconsistent with other specifications. The inspection and evaluation on the highway construction, quality management and engineering quality shall not only meet the requirements stipulated in this standard, but also shall meet those specified in the relevant current specifications issued by the state or the Ministry of Communications. 1.0.4 Special engineering As for the grand bridges, super long tunnels, special area, or the engineering adopted with new materials, new construction and new process, if this standard does not cover the appropriate technology provisions, corresponding technical standards may be developed by making reference to the relevant standards or according to the actual conditions and shall be reported to the competent department as required for approval. 2 Terms 2.0.1 Inspection The activity to measure and examine the properties of inspection items, compare the results with those specified in the standard specifications so as to determine whether each property is qualified 2.0.2 Evaluation The activity to evaluate the engineering quality and determine the engineering grade based on the inspection result. 2.0.3 Dominant item The observed items in the subdivisional works that play decisive roles in safety, health, environmental protection and public interest 2.0.4 General item The observed items in the subdivisional works except for the dominant items 2.0.5 Quality of appearance The external quality of engineering reflected by observation and necessary measurement 2.0.6 Weight number The value assigned onto the project item or detection index according to their significance levels. 3 Engineering Quality Evaluation 3.1 General provisions 3.1.1 According to the requirements of construction mission, construction management and quality inspection and evaluation, the construction items shall be divided into the unit engineering, partitioned project and subdivisional works during the construction preparation period according to Annex A of this standard. The construction organization, engineering supervision organization and construction organization shall conduct the monitoring and management on the engineering quality according to the division of same engineering item. 1 Unit engineering It means the engineering with independent construction conditions in the construction items according to the signed contract. 2 Partitioned project The unit engineering shall be divided into several partitioned projects according to the structure position, section length and construction characteristics or construction mission. 3 Subdivisional works The partitioned project shall be divided into several subdivisional works according to different construction methods, materials, procedures and section length. 3.1.2 The engineering quality inspection and evaluation shall be carried out by adopting the one hundred score system in unit of subdivisional work. Based on the evaluation on subdivisional works, the evaluation scores of each corresponding partitioned project, unit engineering, contract section and construction item shall be calculated grade by grade. 3.1.3 The engineering quality evaluation grade is classified into qualified and unqualified and shall be evaluated according to the subdivisional, partitioned and unit engineering, as well as the contract section and construction item grade by grade. 3.1.4 The construction organization shall carry out self-checking on each subdivisional work according to the basic requirements, observed items and appearance appraisal specified in this standard, and shall submit the true and integral self-checking document according to the "Quality Inspection and Evaluation Sheet of Subdivisional Works" listed in Annex J and the relevant construction technical specifications. The engineering supervision organization shall conduct independent random inspections on the engineering quality as required, confirm the inspection and evaluation documents of the construction organization by signing, and carry out evaluation on the engineering quality. According to the quality inspection on engineering and the conditions grasped at original times, the development organization shall examine and approve the engineering quality and grade issued by the engineering supervision organization. The quality monitoring department and the quality detection organization may detect quality detection and appraisal on highway engineering based on this standard. 3.2 Quality grading of engineering 3.2.1 Quality grading of subdivisional works The contents of the quality inspection on subdivisional works include four parts: basic requirements, observed items, appearance appraisal and quality assurance document. Quality inspection and evaluation shall not be conducted onto the subdivisional works unless the used raw materials, semi-finished products, finished product and construction technology meeting those specified in the basic requirements, no severe appearance defect exists, and the quality assurance document is true and basically integral. The important observed items referring to the structure safety and application function are the dominant items (being marked with "△" in this standard), their thereof eligibility rate shall not be less than 90% (that of the bridge hardwares processed and manufactured in plants shall not be less than 95%, that of electromechanical engineering shall not be less 100%), and the detection value shall not exceed the specified extreme value, otherwise, the subdivisional work must be reconstructed. The specified extreme value of observed item is the limit value that will not be broken through by any detection value, if this specified extreme value is not met; the observed item will be rejected. If the dominant items evaluated by adopting the methods specified from Annex B to Annex I fail to meet the requirement, this subdivisional work will be judged as "unqualified". The full scores of the evaluation value of subdivisional work are one hundred, and the grade of subdivisional work shall be calculated according to observed items by adopting the weighted average method. If any appearance defect exists or the document is inadequate, the scores shall be reduced. Evaluation scores of subdivisional work = Scores of subdivisional work-Reduced scores by appearance defect-Reduced scores by inadequate document (1) Inspection of basic requirements The basic requirements specified on the subdivisional works play a key role in the construction quality and the engineering shall be inspected earnestly according to the basic requirements. Those failing to meet the basic requirements shall not be conducted with the inspection and evaluation on engineering quality. (2) Scoring of observed items The specified inspection items shall be carried out by adopting with field sampling method, the construction quality of the subdivisional works shall be directly detected and scored with the frequency and the following scoring method as required. Except for the items evaluated according to the mathematical statistical method, all the other items in the inspection items shall be evaluated whether to meet the standard requirements according to the single-point (group) measured value and shall be scored in the eligibility rate. Scores of inspection item = Eligibility rate of inspection item×100 (3) Reduced scores by appearance defects Complete inspection shall be conducted onto the apparent order and condition of engineering item by item, the scores shall be reduced if any appearance defect is discovered. As for the severe appearance defects, the construction organization must adopt proper measures to treat the appearance defects. (4) Reduced scores by inadequate documents The subdivisional works, if its construction document and graphic charts are incomplete and the bottommost data is deficient or falsification or alteration exist, shall not be inspected or evaluated. Those with inadequate documents shall be reduced with the scores, and the reducing amplitude may be inspected according to the clauses specified in Articles in this standard item by item, and the scores of the items may be reduced by 1~3 scores according to the inadequacy condition of documents. 3.2.2 Quality evaluation of partitioned project and unit engineering The subdivisional work and partitioned project listed in Annex A are classified into general engineering and principal (main) engineering and shall be respectively specified with a weight numbers of 1 and 2. When evaluating the partitioned project and unit engineering, the corresponding evaluation scores shall be determined by adopting the weighted average computational method. 3.2.3 Quality evaluation on contract section and construction item The evaluation scores of the engineering quality of contract section and construction item shall be calculated according to "Acceptance Way of the Highway Engineering". 3.2.4 Quality assurance documents The construction organization shall have, collect and analyze the integral quality assurance documents such as primary construction records, test data, and self-checking data of subdivisional works, and also shall be responsible for submitting full set of the true and systemic construction documents and graphic charts. The engineering supervision organization shall be responsible for submitting integral true and systemic supervision documents. The quality assurance documents shall include the following six aspects: (1) The quality inspection results of the used raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products; (2) The control test and test data on the proportioning, mixing and processing of materials; (3) The records of foundation treatment and concealed work construction as well as the construction supervision documents of large bridges and tunnels; (4) The summary table of the test data sheet and quality inspection on all quality control indexes; (5) Records of the improper conditions breaking out during the construction process and the analysis of impact on engineering quality; (6) The approval supporting documents on the quality emergency, if any occurs during the construction process, that are repaired to meet the design requirement. 3.3 Quality grade evaluation of engineering 3.3.1 Quality grade evaluation of subdivisional works The subdivisional works with evaluation scores not less than 75 are qualified, those with evaluation scores less than 75 are unqualified; the electromechanical engineering and the bridge hardwares processed and manufactured in plants with evaluation scores not less than 90 are qualified, otherwise, they are unqualified; The subdivisional works rejected in the evaluation that meet the design requirements after being strengthened, reinforced or reworked and adjusted may be re-evaluated for their quality grade, however, the evaluation scores of partitioned projects shall be calculated according to 90% of the re-evaluation scores. 3.3.2 Quality grade evaluation of partitioned projects The partitioned project shall be judged as qualified if all the affiliated subdivisional works are qualified, however, it shall be unqualified if any subdivisional work included is rejected. 3.3.3 Quality grade evaluation of unit engineering The unit engineering shall be judged as qualified if all the affiliated partitioned projects are qualified, however, it shall be unqualified if any partitioned project included is rejected. 3.3.4 Quality grade evaluation of contract section and construction item The engineering quality grade of contract section and construction item shall qualified when all the unit engineering included are qualified, however, the contract section and construction item shall be unqualified if any one affiliated unit engineering is rejected. 4 Subgrade Earth-rock Engineering 4.1 General provisions 4.1.1 The specified value or permissible variation for the technical indexes of the observed items of earthwork subgrade and rockwork subgrade shall be set according to two grades: the expressway and Class I highway and the other highways (Class II & under highways), thereinto, the compaction degree of earthwork subgrade shall be set according to three grades: (1) Expressway and Class I highway; (2) Class II highway; (3) Class III and Class IV highways. 4.1.2 The inspection frequency of the observed items specified in this chapter shall be the minimum inspection frequency within each inspection section of double-lane highways when the inspection section is measured in linear meter; as for the multiple lane highways, the inspection frequency shall must be according to the ratio between the quantity of lanes and the double lanes, and the inspection quantity shall be increased correspondingly. 4.1.3 The compaction degree of subgrade must be inspected in layers and shall meet those specified in Annex B. The other inspection items of subgrade all shall be inspected and measured at the top surface of subgrade. 4.1.4 The shoulder engineering may be inspected and evaluated as one subdivisional work of the pavement engineering. 4.1.5 The compaction standard of the earthworks of parking lot and toll plaza at service areas may be monitored according to the requirements of earthwork subgrade. 4.2 Earthwork subgrades 4.2.1 Basic requirements 1) Within the scope of the land and borrow pit of subgrade, the surface vegetation, sundries, water accumulation, sullage, surface soil, as well as disposal pit and pond shall be removed, and the foundation base shall be compacted according to the specifications and the design requirements. 2) The subgrade filling shall be in accordance with those specified in specifications and design and shall be adopted reasonably through careful research and test. 3) The fill subgrade must be filled and compacted in layers, the surface of each layer shall be smooth, and the road camber shall be applicable with better drainage. 4) The temporary drainage system in construction shall be combined with the design drainage system, the side slopes shall be prevented from washing and the subgrade shall not be near to water accumulation. 5) The earth shall be collected from the specified borrow area reasonably and shall not be excavated excessively. After completion, the borrow pit and spoil ground shall be finished to keep the geometric shapes as required. 4.2.2 Observed items 1 General Provisions - 1 - 2 Terms - 2 - 3 Engineering Quality Evaluation - 3 - 3.1 General provisions - 3 - 3.2 Quality grading of engineering - 3 - 3.3 Quality grade evaluation of engineering - 5 - 4 Subgrade Earth-rock Engineering - 7 - 4.1 General provisions - 7 - 4.2 Earthwork subgrades - 7 - 4.3 Rockwork subgrades - 9 - 4.4 Treatment of soft-soil foundation - 10 - 4.5 Treatment layer of earth-rock composite materials - 11 - 5 Drainage Engineering - 14 - 5.1 General provisions - 14 - 5.2 Prefabrication of pipe joints - 14 - 5.3 Pipe foundation and pipe joint installation - 15 - 5.4 Inspection shaft (catch basin) masonry - 16 - 5.5 Earth ditch - 17 - 5.6 Grouted drain ditch - 17 - 5.7 Blind drain - 18 - 5.8 Drainage pumping station - 18 - 6 Retaining Wall, Protection and other Masonry Engineering - 20 - 6.1 General provisions - 20 - 6.2 Masonry retaining wall - 20 - 6.3 Cantilever and counterfort retaining walls - 21 - 6.4 Anchorage, anchored bulkhead and reinforced earth retaining walls - 22 - 6.5 Pile-plank retaining wall - 25 - 6.6 Wall back filling - 25 - 6.7 Anti-slide pile - 26 - 6.8 Anchor-spray protection for excavation side slope - 26 - 6.9 Conical slope and slope protection - 28 - 6.10 Stoneworks - 28 - 6.11 Diversion construction - 29 - 6.12 Rock filled gabion protection - 30 - 7 Pavement Engineering - 32 - 7.1 General provisions - 32 - 7.2 Cement concrete surface course - 33 - 7.3 Bituminous concrete facing membrane and asphalt macadam (gravel) surface course - 35 - 7.4 Bituminous penetration surface course (or penetration surface course with coated chips) - 37 - 7.5 Bituminous surface treatment course - 38 - 7.6 Soil-cement base course and subbase course - 39 - 7.7 Cement stabilized aggregate (crushed stone, gravel or slag) base course and subbase course - 40 - 7.8 Lime soil base course and subbase course - 41 - 7.9 Lime stabilized aggregate (crushed stone, gravel or slag) base course and subbase course - 43 - 7.10 Lime and fly ash soil base course and subbase course - 44 - 7.11 Lime-fly ash stabilized aggregate (crushed stone, gravel or slag) base course and subbase course - 45 - 7.12 Grading macadam (gravel) base course and subbase course - 46 - 7.13 Calking macadam (slag) base course and subbase course - 47 - 7.14 Laying of curbstones - 48 - 7.15 Shoulders - 48 - 8 Bridge Engineering - 50 - 8.1 General provisions - 50 - 8.2 Bridge entirety - 51 - 8.3 Processing, installation and tensioning of steel reinforcements and prestressed reinforcements - 51 - 8.4 Masonry - 55 - 8.5 Foundation - 58 - 8.6 Pier, abutment body and cap beam - 68 - 8.7 Beam bridge - 72 - 8.8 Arch bridge - 79 - 8.9 Steel bridge - 88 - 8.10 Stayed-cable bridge - 93 - 8.11 Suspension bridge - 105 - 8.12 Bridge floor system and auxiliary works - 120 - 9 Culvert Engineering - 131 - 9.1 General provisions - 131 - 9.2 Overall culvert - 131 - 9.3 Culvert - 132 - 9.4 Manufacture of culvert pipe - 133 - 9.5 Installation of socket and culvert pipes - 133 - 9.6 Manufacture of cover plate - 133 - 9.7 Installation of cover plate - 134 - 9.8 Box culvert pouring - 135 - 9.9 Culvert pouring (laying) - 135 - 9.10 Laying of Inverted siphon borehole and collecting well - 136 - 9.11 Straight end wall and wing wall - 136 - 9.12 Truncated cone slope - 137 - 9.13 Constructive bridge and culvert with jack-in method - 137 - 10 Tunneling Works - 139 - 10.1 General provisions - 139 - 10.2 Overall tunnel - 140 - 10.3 Open tunnel pouring - 141 - 10.4 Waterproof layer of open cut tunnel - 142 - 10.5 Open cut tunnel backfilling - 142 - 10.6 Tunnel body excavation - 143 - 10.7 (Steel fiber) Sprayed concrete support - 144 - 10.8 Bolt supporting - 144 - 10.9 Steel mesh support - 145 - 10.10 Inverted arch - 146 - 10.11 Concrete lining - 146 - 10.12 Steel support - 147 - 10.13 Steel reinforcements for lining - 148 - 10.14 Waterproof layer - 149 - 10.15 Water stop band - 149 - 10.16 Drainage - 150 - 10.17 Advancing bolt - 150 - 10.18 Advancing steel pipe - 151 - 11 Traffic Safety Devices - 152 - 11.1 General provisions - 152 - 11.2 Traffic signs - 152 - 11.3 Pavement marking - 154 - 11.4 Steel barriers of waveform beam - 155 - 11.5 Concrete barriers - 156 - 11.6 Cable barriers - 157 - 11.7 Raised road signs - 158 - 11.8 Contour marking - 159 - 11.9 Glare screen - 160 - 11.10 Fence and anti-falling mesh - 161 - 12 Environmental Protection Engineering - 163 - 12.1 General provisions - 163 - 12.2 Building blocks sound barrier - 163 - 12.3 Metallic structure sound barrier - 164 - 12.4 Landscaping at median divider - 166 - 12.5 Roadside landscaping - 166 - 12.6 Landscaping at interchange area - 167 - 12.7 Landscaping at maintenance precinct and serving area - 168 - 12.8 Fetch, spoil ground landscaping - 169 - Annex A Classification of Unit Engineering, Partitioned Projects and Subdivisional Works - 170 - Annex B Evaluation on Compaction Degree of Subgrade and Pavement - 174 - Annex C Evaluation on Flexural-tensile Strength of Cement Concrete - 177 - Annex D Evaluation on Compressive Strength of Cement Concrete - 178 - Annex E Evaluation on Compressive Strength of Sprayed Concrete - 180 - Annex F Evaluation on Strength of Cement Mortar - 181 - Annex G Strength Evaluation on the Materials of Semi-rigid Base Course and Subbase - 182 - Annex H Evaluation on Thickness of Pavement Structure Layer - 183 - Annex I Evaluation on Deflection Value of Subgrade, Flexible Base, and Asphalt Pavement - 184 - Annex J Quality Inspection and Evaluation Table of Engineering - 185 - Annex K Evaluation on Cross-force Coefficient of Pavement - 190 - Annex L Wording Explanation of this Standard - 191 - 1 总则 1.0.1 目的 为了加强公路工程质量管理，统一公路工程质量检验标准和评定标准，保证工程质量，制定本标准。 1.0.2 适用范围 本标准适用于四级及四级以上公路新建、改建工程的质量检验评定，其环保、机电工程部分按相应具体规定执行。 本标准适用于公路工程施工单位、工程监理单位、建设单位、质量检测机构和质量监督部门对公路工程质量的管理、监控和检验评定。 1.0.3 与相关规范关系 公路工程质量检验评定应以本标准为准。质量标准与其他规范不一致时，宜以颁布年份最新者为准。 在公路施工、质量管理和工程质量检验评定中，除应符合本标准外，尚应符合现行国家、交通部颁布的相关规范的规定。 1.0.4 特殊工程 对特大桥梁、特长隧道、特殊地区，或采用新材料、新结构、新工艺的工程，在本标准中缺乏适宜的技术规定时，在确保工程质量的前提下，可参照相关标准或按照实际情况制定 相应的技术标准，并按规定报主管部门批准。 2 术语 2.0.1 检验inspection 对检验项目中的性能进行量测、检查、试验等，并将结果与标准规定要求进行比较，以确定每项性能是否合格所进行的活动。 2.0.2 评定evaluation 依据检验结果对工程质量进行评分并确定其等级的活动。 2.0.3 关键项目dominant item 分项工程中对安全、卫生、环境保护和公众利益起决定性作用的实测项目。 2.0.4 一般项目general item 分项工程中除关键项目以外的实测项目。 2.0.5 外观（质量）quality of appearance 通过观察和必要的量测所反映的工程外在质量。 2.0.6 权值weight number 对工程项目或检测指标根据其重要程度所赋予的数值。 3 工程质量评定 3.1 一般规定 3.1.1 根据建设任务、施工管理和质量检验评定的需要，应在施工准备阶段按本标准附录A将建设项目划分为单位工程、分部工程和分项工程。施工单位、工程监理单位和建设单位应按相同的工程项目划分进行工程质量的监控和管理。 1 单位工程 在建设项目中，根据签订的合同，具有独立施工条件的工程。 2 分部工程 在单位工程中，应按结构部位、路段长度及施工特点或施工任务划分为若干个分部工程。 3 分项工程 在分部工程中，应按不同的施工方法、材料、工序及路段长度等划分为若干个分项工程。 3.1.2 工程质量检验评分以分项工程为单元，采用100分制进行。在分项工程评分的基础上，逐级计算各相应分部工程、单位工程、合同段和建设项目评分值。 3.1.3 工程质量评定等级分为合格与不合格，应按分项、分部、单位工程、合同段和建设项目逐级评定。 3.1.4 施工单位应对各分项工程按本标准所列基本要求、实测项目和外观鉴定进行自检，按附录J中“分项工程质量检验评定表”及相关施工技术规范提交真实、完整的自检资料，对工程质量进行自我评定。 工程监理单位应按规定要求对工程质量进行独立抽检，对施工单位检评资料进行签认，对工程质量进行评定。 建设单位根据对工程质量的检查及平时掌握的情况，对工程监理单位所做的工程质量评分及等级进行审定。 质量监督部门、质量检测机构可依据本标准对公路工程质量进行检测、鉴定。 3.2 工程质量评分 3.2.1 分项工程质量评分 分项工程质量检验内容包括基本要求、实测项目、外观鉴定和质量保证资料四个部分。只有在其使用的原材料、半成品、成品及施工工艺符合基本要求的规定，且无严重外观缺陷和质量保证资料真实并基本齐全时，才能对分项工程质量进行检验评定。 涉及结构安全和使用功能的重要实测项目为关键项目（在文中以“△”标识），其合格率不得低于90％（属于工厂加工制造的桥梁金属构件不低于95％，机电工程为100％），且检测值不得超过规定极值，否则必须进行返工处理。 实测项目的规定极值是指任一单个检测值都不能突破的极限值，不符合要求时该实测项目为不合格。 采用附录B至附录I所列方法进行评定的关键项目，不符合要求时则该分项工程评为不合格。 分项工程的评分值满分为100分，按实测项目采用加权平均法计算。存在外观缺陷或资料不全时，应予减分。 分项工程评分值=分项工程得分-外观缺陷减分-资料不全减分 （1）基本要求检查 分项工程所列基本要求，对施工质量优劣具有关键作用，应按基本要求对工程进行认真检查。经检查不符合基本要求规定时，不得进行工程质量的检验和评定。 （2）实测项目计分 对规定检查项目采用现场抽样方法，按照规定频率和下列计分方法对分项工程的施工质量直接进行检测计分。 检查项目除按数理统计方法评定的项目以外，均应按单点（组）测定值是否符合标准要求进行评定，并按合格率计分。 检查项目得分=检查项目合格率×100 （3）外观缺陷减分 对工程外表状况应逐项迸行全面检查，如发现外观缺陷，应进行减分。对于较严重的外观缺陷，施工单位须采取措施进行整修处理。 （4）资料不全减分 分项工程的施工资料和图表残缺，缺乏最基本的数据，或有伪造涂改者，不予检验和评定。资料不全者应予减分，减分幅度可按本标准3.2.4条所列各款逐款检查，视资料不全情况，每款减1～3分。 3.2.2 分部工程和单位工程质量评分 附录A所列分项工程和分部工程区分为一般工程和主要（主体）工程，分别给以1和2的权值。进行分部工程和单位工程评分时，采用加权平均值计算法确定相应的评分值。 3.2.3 合同段和建设项目工程质量评分 合同段和建设项目工程质量评分值按《公路工程竣（交）工验收办法》计算。 3.2.4 质量保证资料 施工单位应有完整的施工原始记录、试验数据、分项工程自查数据等质量保证资料，并进行整理分析，负责提交齐全、真实和系统的施工资料和图表。工程监理单位负责提交齐全、真实和系统的监理资料。质量保证资料应包括以下六个方面： （1）所用原材料、半成品和成品质量检验结果； （2）材料配比、拌和加工控制检验和试验数据； （3）地基处理、隐蔽工程施工记录和大桥、隧道施工监控资料； （4）各项质量控制指标的试验记录和质量检验汇总图表； （5）施工过程中遇到的非正常情况记录及其对工程质量影响分析； （6）施工过程中如发生质量事故，经处理补救后，达到设计要求的认可证明文件。 3.3 工程质量等级评定 3.3.1 分项工程质量等级评定 分项工程评分值不小于75分者为合格，小于75分者为不合格；机电工程、属于工厂加工制造的桥梁金属构件不小于90分者为合格，小于90分者为不合格。 评定为不合格的分项工程，经加固、补强或返工、调测，满足设计要求后，可以重新评定其质量等级，但计算分部工程评分值时按其复评分值的90％计算。 3.3.2 分部工程质量等级评定 所属各分项工程全部合格，则该分部工程评为合格；所属任一分项工程不合格，则该分部工程为不合格。 3.3.3 单位工程质量等级评定 所属各分部工程全部合格，则该单位工程评为合格；所属任一分部工程不合格，则该单位工程为不合格。 3.3.4 合同段和建设项目质量等级评定 合同段和建设项目所含单位工程全部合格，其工程质量等级为合格；所属任一单位工程不合格，则合同段和建设项目为不合格。 4 路基土石方工程 4.1 一般规定 4.1.1 土方路基和石方路基的实测项目技术指标的规定值或允许偏差按高速公路、一级公路和其他公路（指二级及以下公路）两档设定，其中土方路基压实度按高速公路和一级公路、二级公路、三级和四级公路三档设定。 4.1.2 本章规定的实测项目的检查频率，如果检查路段以延米计时，则为双车道公路每一检查段内的最低检查频率；多车道公路必须按车道数与双车道之比，相应增加检查数量。 4.1.3 路基压实度须分层检测，并符合附录B的规定。路基其他检查项目均在路基顶面进行检查测定。 4.1.4 路肩工程可作为路面工程的一个分项工程进行检查评定。 4.1.5 服务区停车场、收费广场的土方工程压实标准可按土方路基要求进行监控。 4.2 土方路基 4.2.1 基本要求 1）在路基用地和取土坑范围内，应清除地表植被、杂物、积水、淤泥和表土，处理坑塘，并按规范和设计要求对基底进行压实。 2）路基填料应符合规范和设计的规定，经认真调查、试验后合理选用。 3）填方路基须分层填筑压实，每层表面平整，路拱合适，排水良好。 4）施工临时排水系统应与设计排水系统结合，避免冲刷边坡，勿使路基附近积水。 5）在设定取土区内合理取土，不得滥开滥挖。完工后应按要求对取土坑和弃土场进行修整，保持合理的几何外形。 4.2.2 实测项目 见表4.2.2。 表4.2.2 土方路基实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 高速公路一级公路 其他公路 二级公路 三、四级 公路 1△ 压实度（％） 零填及挖方（m） 0～0.30 — — 94 按附录B检查。密度法：每200m每压实层测4处 3 0～0.80 ≥96 ≥95 — 填方（m） 0～0.80 ≥96 ≥95 ≥94 0.80～1.50 ≥94 ≥94 ≥93 ＞1.50 ≥93 ≥92 ≥90 2△ 弯沉（0.01mm） 不大于设计要求值 按附录I检查 3 3 纵断高程（mm） +10，-15 +10，-20 水准仪：每200m测4断面 2 4 中线偏位（mm） 50 100 经纬仪：每200m测4点，弯道加HY、YH两点 2 5 宽度（mm） 符合设计要求 米尺：每200m测4处 2 6 平整度（mm） 15 20 3m直尺：每200m测2处×10尺 2 7 横坡（％） ±0.3 ±0.5 水准仪：每200m测4个断面 1 8 边坡 符合设计要求 尺量：每200m测4处 1 注：①表列压实度以重型击实试验法为准，评定路段内的压实度平均值下置信界限不得小于规定标准，单个测定值不得小于极值（表列规定值减5个百分点）。小于表列规定值2个百分点的测点，按其数量占总检查点的百分率计算减分值。 ②采用核子仪检验压实度时应进行标定试验，确认其可靠性。 ③特殊干旱、特殊潮湿地区或过湿土路基，可按交通部颁发的路基设计、施工规范所规定的压实度标准进行评定。 ④三、四级公路铺筑沥青混凝土或水泥混凝土路面时，其路基压实度应采用二级公路标准。 4.2.3 外观鉴定 1）路基表面平整，边线直顺，曲线圆滑。不符合要求时，单向累计长度每50m减1～2分。 2）路基边坡坡面平顺、稳定，不得亏坡，曲线圆滑。不符合要求时，单向累计长度每50m减1～2分。 3）取土坑、弃土堆、护坡道、碎落台的位置适当，外形整齐、美观，防止水土流失。不符合要求时，每处减1～2分。 4.3 石方路基 4.3.1 基本要求 1）石方路堑的开挖宜采用光面爆破法。爆破后应及时清理险石、松石，确保边坡安全、稳定。 2）修筑填石路堤时，应进行地表清理，逐层水平填筑石块，摆放平稳，码砌边部。填筑层厚度及石块尺寸应符合设计和施工规范规定。填石空隙用石碴、石屑嵌压稳定。上、下路床填料和石料最大尺寸应符合规范规定。采用振动压路机分层碾压，压至填筑层顶面石块稳定，20t以上压路机振压两遍无明显标高差异。 3）路基表面应整修平整。 4.3.2 实测项目 见表4.3.2。 表4.3.2 石方路基实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 高速公路一级公路 其他公路 1 压实 层厚和碾压遍数符合要求 查施工记录 3 2 纵断高程（mm） +10，-20 +10，-30 水准仪：每200m测4断面 2 3 中线偏位（mm） 50 100 经纬仪：每200m测4点，弯道加HY、YH两点 2 4 宽度（mm） 符合设计要求 米尺：每200m测4处 2 5 平整度（mm） 20 30 3m直尺：每200m测2处×10尺 2 6 横坡（％） ±0.3 ±0.5 水准仪：每200m测4断面 1 7 边坡 坡度 符合设计要求 每200m抽查4处 1 平顺度 符合设计要求 注：土石混填路基压实度或固体体积率可根据实际可能进行检验，其他检测项目与石方路基相同。 4.3.3 外观鉴定 1）上边坡不得有松石。不符合要求时，每处减1～2分。 2）路基边线直顺，曲线圆滑。不符合要求时，单向累计长度每50m减1～2分。 4.4 软土地基处治 4.4.1 基本要求 1）换填地基的填筑压实要求同4.2土方路基。 2）砂垫层：砂的质量和规格必须符合设计要求和规范规定；适当洒水，分层压实；砂垫层宽度应宽出路基边脚0.5～1.0m，两侧端以片石护砌；砂垫层厚度及其上铺设的反滤层应符合设计要求。 3）反压护道：填筑材料、护道高度、宽度应符合设计要求，压实度不低于90％。 4）袋装砂井、塑料排水板：砂的质量、规格、砂袋织物质量和塑料排水板质量必须符合设计要求；砂袋和塑料排水板下沉时不得出现扭结、断裂等现象；井（板）底标高必须符合设计要求，其顶端必须按规范要求伸入砂垫层。 5）碎石桩：碎石材料应符合设计要求；应严格按试桩结果控制电流和振冲器的留振时间；分批加入碎石，注意振密挤实效果，防止发生“断桩”或“颈缩桩”。 6）砂桩：砂料应符合规定要求；砂的含水量应根据成桩方法合理确定；应确保桩体连续、密实。 7）粉喷桩：水泥应符合设计要求；根据成桩试验确定的技术参数进行施工；严格控制喷粉时间、停粉时间和水泥喷入量，不得中断喷粉，确保粉喷桩长度；桩身上部范围内必须进行二次搅拌，确保桩身质量；发现喷粉量不足时，应整桩复打；喷粉中断时，复打重叠孔段应大于1m。 8）软土地基上的路堤，应在施工过程中进行沉降观测和稳定性观测，并根据观测结果对路堤填筑速率和预压期等作必要调整。 4.4.2 实测项目 见表4.4.2-1至表4.4.2-4。 表4.4.2-1 砂垫层实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1 砂垫层厚度 不小于设计 每200m检查4处 3 2 砂垫层宽度 不小于设计 每200m检查4处 1 3 反滤层设置 符合设计要求 每200m检查4处 1 4 压实度（％） 90 每200m检查4处 2 表4.4.2-2 袋装砂井、塑料排水板实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1 井（板）间距（mm） ±150 抽查2％ 2 2△ 井（板）长度 不小于设计 查施工记录 3 3 竖直度（％） 1.5 查施工记录 2 4 砂井直径（mm） +10，-0 挖验2％ 1 5 灌砂量（％） -5 查施工记录 2 表4.4.2-3 碎石桩（砂桩）实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1 桩距（mm） ±150 抽查2％ 1 2 桩径（mm） 不小于设计 抽查2％ 2 3△ 桩长（m） 不小于设计 查施工记录 3 4 竖直度（％） 1.5 查施工记录 2 5 灌石（砂）量 不小于设计 查施工记录 2 表4.4.2-4 粉喷桩实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1 桩距（mm） ±100 抽查2％ 1 2 桩径（mm） 不小于设计 抽查2％ 2 3△ 桩长（m） 不小于设计 查施工记录 3 4 竖直度（％） 1.5 查施工记录 1 5 单桩喷粉量 符合设计要求 查施工记录 3 6 强度（KPa） 不小于设计 抽查5％ 3 4.4.3 外观鉴定 砂垫层表面坑洼不平时，每处减1～2分。 4.5 土工合成材料处治层 4.5.1 基本要求 1）土工合成材料质量应符合设计要求，无老化，外观无破损，无污染。 2）土工合成材料应紧贴下承层，按设计和施工要求铺设、张拉、固定。 3）土工合成材料的接缝搭接、粘接强度和长度应符合设计要求，上、下层土工合成材料搭接缝应交替错开。 4.5.2 实测项目 见表4.5.2-1至表4.5.24。 表4.5.2-1 加筋工程土工合成材料实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1 下承层平整度、拱度 符合设计、施工要求 每200m检查4处 1 2 搭接宽度（mm） +50，-0 抽查2％ 2 3 搭接缝错开距离（mm） 符合设计、施工要求 抽查2％ 2 4 锚固长度（mm） 符合设计、施工要求 抽查2％ 3 表4.5.2-2 隔离工程土工合成材料实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1 下承层平整度、拱度 符合设计、施工要求 每200m检查4处 1 2 搭接宽度（mm） +50，-0 抽查2％ 2 3 搭接缝错开距离（mm） 符合设计、施工要求 抽查2％ 2 4 搭接处透水点 不多于1个 每缝 3 表4.5.2-3 过滤排水工程土工合成材料实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1 下承层平整度、拱度 符合设计、施工要求 每200m检查4处 1 2 搭接宽度（mm） +50，-0 抽查2％ 3 3 搭接缝错开距离（mm） 符合设计、施工要求 抽查2％ 3 表4.5.2-4 防裂工程土工合成材料实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1 下承层平整度、拱度 符合设计、施工要求 每200m检查4处 1 2 搭接宽度（mm） ≥50（横向）≥150（纵向） 抽查2％ 3 3 粘结力（N） ≥20 抽查2％ 3 4.5.3 外观鉴定 1）土工合成材料重叠、皱折不平顺，每处减1～2分。 2）土工合成材料固定处松动，每处减1～2分。 5 排水工程 5.1 一般规定 5.1.1 排水工程应按设计要求及施工规范的要求施工，依照实际地形，选择合适的位置，将地面水和地下水排出路基以外。 5.1.2 本章5.5和5.6节包括边沟、截水沟、排水沟等。 5.1.3 跌水、急流槽、水簸箕等其他排水工程可按照本章5.6节的标准进行评定。 5.1.4 路面拦水带纳入路缘石分项工程，排水基层可按照第7章的标准进行评定。 5.1.5 沟槽回填土应符合设计要求及施工规范的规定。 5.1.6 排水泵站明开挖基础可按照第8章的标准进行评定。 5.1.7 钢筋混凝土构件包含钢筋加工及安装分项工程，预应力混凝土构件包括预应力钢筋的加工和张拉分项工程。 5.2 管节预制 5.2.1 基本要求 1）所用的水泥、砂、石、水、外加剂和掺合料的质量和规格应符合有关规范的要求，按规定的配合比施工。 2）混凝土应符合耐久性（抗冻、抗渗、抗侵蚀）等设计要求。 3）不得出现露筋和空洞现象。 5.2.2 实测项目 见表5.2.2。 表5.2.2 管节预制实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1△ 混凝土强度（MPa） 在合格标准内 按附录D检查 3 2 内径（mm） 不小于设计 尺量：2个断面 2 3 壁厚（mm） 不小于设计壁厚-3 尺量：2个断面 2 4 顺直度 矢度不大于0.2％管节长 沿管节拉线量，取最大矢高 1 5 长度（mm） +5，-0 尺量 1 5.2.3 外观鉴定 1）蜂窝、麻面面积不得超过该面面积的1％。不符合要求时，每超过1％减3分；深度超过10mm的必须处理。 2）混凝土表面平整。不符合要求时减1～2分。 5.3 管道基础及管节安装 5.3.1 基本要求 1）管材必须逐节检查，不得有裂缝、破损。 2）基础混凝土强度达到5MPa以上时，方可进行管节铺设。 3）管节铺设应平顺、稳固，管底坡度不得出现反坡，管节接头处流水面高差不得大于5mm。管内不得有泥土、砖石、砂浆等杂物。 4）管道内的管口缝，当管径大于750mm时，应在管内作整圈勾缝。 5）管口内缝砂浆平整密实，不得有裂缝、空鼓现象。 6）抹带前，管口必须洗刷干净，管口表面应平整密实，无裂缝现象。抹带后应及时覆盖养生。 7）设计中要求防渗漏的排水管须做渗漏试验，渗漏量应符合要求。 5.3.2 实测项目 见表5.3.2。 表5.3.2 管道基础及管节安装实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1△ 混凝土抗压强度或砂浆强度（MPa） 在合格标准内 按附录D、F检查 3 2 管轴线偏位（mm） 15 经纬仪或拉线：每两井间测3处 2 3 管内底高程（mm） ±10 水准仪：每两井间测2处 2 4 基础厚度（mm） 不小于设计 尺量：每两井间测3处 1 5 管座 肩宽（mm） +10，-5 尺量、挂边线：每两井间测2处 1 肩高（mm） ±10 6 抹带 宽度 不小于设计 尺量：按10％抽查 2 厚度 不小于设计 5.3.3 外观鉴定 1）管道基础混凝土表面平整密实，侧面蜂窝不得超过该表面积的1％，深度不超过10mm。不符合要求时，减1～3分。 2）管节铺设直顺，管口缝带圈平整密实，无开裂脱皮现象。不符合要求对，每处减1～2分。 3）抹带接口表面应密实光洁，不得有间断和裂缝、空鼓。不符合要求时，每处减1～2分。 5.4 检查（雨水）井砌筑 5.4.1 基本要求 1）井基混凝土强度达到5MPa以上时，方可砌筑井体。 2）砌筑砂浆配合比准确，井壁砂浆饱满，灰缝平整。圆形检查井内壁应圆顺，抹面密实光洁，踏步安装牢固。 3）井框、井盖安装必须平稳，井口周围不得有积水。 5.4.2 实测项目 见表5.4.2。 表5.4.2 检查（雨水）井砌筑实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1△ 砂浆强度（MPa） 在合格标准内 按附录F检查 3 2 轴线偏位（mm） 50 经纬仪：每个检查井检查 1 3 圆井直径或方井长、宽（mm） ±20 尺量：每个检查井检查 1 4 井底高程（mm） ±15 水准仪：每个检查井检查 1 5 井盖与相邻路面高差（mm） 雨水井 +0，-4 水准仪、水平尺：每个检查井检查 2 检查井 +4，-0 5.4.3 外观鉴定 1）井内砂浆抹面无裂缝。不符合要求时，减1～2分。 2）井内平整圆滑，收分均匀。不符合要求时，减1～2分。 5.5 土沟 5.5.1 基本要求 1）土沟边坡必须平整、坚实、稳定，严禁贴坡。 2）沟底应平顺整齐，不得有松散土和其他杂物，排水畅通。 5.5.2 实测项目 见表5.5.2。 表5.5.2 土沟实测项目 项次 检查项目 规定值或允许偏差 检查方法和频率 权值 1 沟底高程（mm） +0，-30 水准仪：每200m测4处 2 2 断面尺寸（mm） 不小于设计 尺量：每200m测2处 2 3 边坡坡度 不陡于设计 尺量：每200m测2处 1 4 边棱直顺度（mm） 50 尺量：20m拉线.每200m测2处 1 5.5.3 外观鉴定 沟底无明显凹凸不平或阻水现象。不符合要求时，每处减1～2分。 5.6 浆砌排水沟 5.6.1 基本要求 1）砌体砂浆配合比准确，砌缝内砂浆均匀饱满，勾缝密实。 2）浆砌片（块）石、混凝土预制块的质量和规格应符合设计要求。 3）基础中缩缝应与墙身缩缝对齐。 4）砌体抹面应平整、压光、直顺，不得有裂缝、空鼓现象。
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