1 General Provisions
1.0.1 Purpose
This standard was developed in order to enhance the quality management of highway engineering, unify the quality control standards and evaluation criteria of highway engineering and assure the engineering quality.
1.0.2 Application scope
This standard is applicable to the quality inspection and evaluation on the construction and reconstruction engineering of Class IV and above highways, and the part on their environmental protection and electromechanical engineering shall be implemented according to corresponding specific provisions.
This standard is applicable to the management, monitoring, inspection and evaluation of the construction organization of highway engineering, engineering supervision organization, construction organization, quality detection organization and quality supervision department on the quality of highway engineering.
1.0.3 Relationship with relevant specifications
The quality inspection and evaluation on highway engineering shall be subject to this standard. And it should be subject to the newly issued edition if the quality standard is inconsistent with other specifications.
The inspection and evaluation on the highway construction, quality management and engineering quality shall not only meet the requirements stipulated in this standard, but also shall meet those specified in the relevant current specifications issued by the state or the Ministry of Communications.
1.0.4 Special engineering
As for the grand bridges, super long tunnels, special area, or the engineering adopted with new materials, new construction and new process, if this standard does not cover the appropriate technology provisions, corresponding technical standards may be developed by making reference to the relevant standards or according to the actual conditions and shall be reported to the competent department as required for approval.
2 Terms
2.0.1 Inspection
The activity to measure and examine the properties of inspection items, compare the results with those specified in the standard specifications so as to determine whether each property is qualified
2.0.2 Evaluation
The activity to evaluate the engineering quality and determine the engineering grade based on the inspection result.
2.0.3 Dominant item
The observed items in the subdivisional works that play decisive roles in safety, health, environmental protection and public interest
2.0.4 General item
The observed items in the subdivisional works except for the dominant items
2.0.5 Quality of appearance
The external quality of engineering reflected by observation and necessary measurement
2.0.6 Weight number
The value assigned onto the project item or detection index according to their significance levels.
3 Engineering Quality Evaluation
3.1 General provisions
3.1.1 According to the requirements of construction mission, construction management and quality inspection and evaluation, the construction items shall be divided into the unit engineering, partitioned project and subdivisional works during the construction preparation period according to Annex A of this standard. The construction organization, engineering supervision organization and construction organization shall conduct the monitoring and management on the engineering quality according to the division of same engineering item.
1 Unit engineering
It means the engineering with independent construction conditions in the construction items according to the signed contract.
2 Partitioned project
The unit engineering shall be divided into several partitioned projects according to the structure position, section length and construction characteristics or construction mission.
3 Subdivisional works
The partitioned project shall be divided into several subdivisional works according to different construction methods, materials, procedures and section length.
3.1.2 The engineering quality inspection and evaluation shall be carried out by adopting the one hundred score system in unit of subdivisional work. Based on the evaluation on subdivisional works, the evaluation scores of each corresponding partitioned project, unit engineering, contract section and construction item shall be calculated grade by grade.
3.1.3 The engineering quality evaluation grade is classified into qualified and unqualified and shall be evaluated according to the subdivisional, partitioned and unit engineering, as well as the contract section and construction item grade by grade.
3.1.4 The construction organization shall carry out self-checking on each subdivisional work according to the basic requirements, observed items and appearance appraisal specified in this standard, and shall submit the true and integral self-checking document according to the "Quality Inspection and Evaluation Sheet of Subdivisional Works" listed in Annex J and the relevant construction technical specifications.
The engineering supervision organization shall conduct independent random inspections on the engineering quality as required, confirm the inspection and evaluation documents of the construction organization by signing, and carry out evaluation on the engineering quality.
According to the quality inspection on engineering and the conditions grasped at original times, the development organization shall examine and approve the engineering quality and grade issued by the engineering supervision organization.
The quality monitoring department and the quality detection organization may detect quality detection and appraisal on highway engineering based on this standard.
3.2 Quality grading of engineering
3.2.1 Quality grading of subdivisional works
The contents of the quality inspection on subdivisional works include four parts: basic requirements, observed items, appearance appraisal and quality assurance document. Quality inspection and evaluation shall not be conducted onto the subdivisional works unless the used raw materials, semi-finished products, finished product and construction technology meeting those specified in the basic requirements, no severe appearance defect exists, and the quality assurance document is true and basically integral.
The important observed items referring to the structure safety and application function are the dominant items (being marked with "△" in this standard), their thereof eligibility rate shall not be less than 90% (that of the bridge hardwares processed and manufactured in plants shall not be less than 95%, that of electromechanical engineering shall not be less 100%), and the detection value shall not exceed the specified extreme value, otherwise, the subdivisional work must be reconstructed.
The specified extreme value of observed item is the limit value that will not be broken through by any detection value, if this specified extreme value is not met; the observed item will be rejected.
If the dominant items evaluated by adopting the methods specified from Annex B to Annex I fail to meet the requirement, this subdivisional work will be judged as "unqualified".
The full scores of the evaluation value of subdivisional work are one hundred, and the grade of subdivisional work shall be calculated according to observed items by adopting the weighted average method. If any appearance defect exists or the document is inadequate, the scores shall be reduced.
Evaluation scores of subdivisional work = Scores of subdivisional work-Reduced scores by appearance defect-Reduced scores by inadequate document
(1) Inspection of basic requirements
The basic requirements specified on the subdivisional works play a key role in the construction quality and the engineering shall be inspected earnestly according to the basic requirements. Those failing to meet the basic requirements shall not be conducted with the inspection and evaluation on engineering quality.
(2) Scoring of observed items
The specified inspection items shall be carried out by adopting with field sampling method, the construction quality of the subdivisional works shall be directly detected and scored with the frequency and the following scoring method as required.
Except for the items evaluated according to the mathematical statistical method, all the other items in the inspection items shall be evaluated whether to meet the standard requirements according to the single-point (group) measured value and shall be scored in the eligibility rate.
Scores of inspection item = Eligibility rate of inspection item×100
(3) Reduced scores by appearance defects
Complete inspection shall be conducted onto the apparent order and condition of engineering item by item, the scores shall be reduced if any appearance defect is discovered. As for the severe appearance defects, the construction organization must adopt proper measures to treat the appearance defects.
(4) Reduced scores by inadequate documents
The subdivisional works, if its construction document and graphic charts are incomplete and the bottommost data is deficient or falsification or alteration exist, shall not be inspected or evaluated. Those with inadequate documents shall be reduced with the scores, and the reducing amplitude may be inspected according to the clauses specified in Articles in this standard item by item, and the scores of the items may be reduced by 1~3 scores according to the inadequacy condition of documents.
3.2.2 Quality evaluation of partitioned project and unit engineering
The subdivisional work and partitioned project listed in Annex A are classified into general engineering and principal (main) engineering and shall be respectively specified with a weight numbers of 1 and 2. When evaluating the partitioned project and unit engineering, the corresponding evaluation scores shall be determined by adopting the weighted average computational method.
3.2.3 Quality evaluation on contract section and construction item
The evaluation scores of the engineering quality of contract section and construction item shall be calculated according to "Acceptance Way of the Highway Engineering".
3.2.4 Quality assurance documents
The construction organization shall have, collect and analyze the integral quality assurance documents such as primary construction records, test data, and self-checking data of subdivisional works, and also shall be responsible for submitting full set of the true and systemic construction documents and graphic charts. The engineering supervision organization shall be responsible for submitting integral true and systemic supervision documents. The quality assurance documents shall include the following six aspects:
(1) The quality inspection results of the used raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products;
(2) The control test and test data on the proportioning, mixing and processing of materials;
(3) The records of foundation treatment and concealed work construction as well as the construction supervision documents of large bridges and tunnels;
(4) The summary table of the test data sheet and quality inspection on all quality control indexes;
(5) Records of the improper conditions breaking out during the construction process and the analysis of impact on engineering quality;
(6) The approval supporting documents on the quality emergency, if any occurs during the construction process, that are repaired to meet the design requirement.
3.3 Quality grade evaluation of engineering
3.3.1 Quality grade evaluation of subdivisional works
The subdivisional works with evaluation scores not less than 75 are qualified, those with evaluation scores less than 75 are unqualified; the electromechanical engineering and the bridge hardwares processed and manufactured in plants with evaluation scores not less than 90 are qualified, otherwise, they are unqualified;
The subdivisional works rejected in the evaluation that meet the design requirements after being strengthened, reinforced or reworked and adjusted may be re-evaluated for their quality grade, however, the evaluation scores of partitioned projects shall be calculated according to 90% of the re-evaluation scores.
3.3.2 Quality grade evaluation of partitioned projects
The partitioned project shall be judged as qualified if all the affiliated subdivisional works are qualified, however, it shall be unqualified if any subdivisional work included is rejected.
3.3.3 Quality grade evaluation of unit engineering
The unit engineering shall be judged as qualified if all the affiliated partitioned projects are qualified, however, it shall be unqualified if any partitioned project included is rejected.
3.3.4 Quality grade evaluation of contract section and construction item
The engineering quality grade of contract section and construction item shall qualified when all the unit engineering included are qualified, however, the contract section and construction item shall be unqualified if any one affiliated unit engineering is rejected.
4 Subgrade Earth-rock Engineering
4.1 General provisions
4.1.1 The specified value or permissible variation for the technical indexes of the observed items of earthwork subgrade and rockwork subgrade shall be set according to two grades: the expressway and Class I highway and the other highways (Class II & under highways), thereinto, the compaction degree of earthwork subgrade shall be set according to three grades: (1) Expressway and Class I highway; (2) Class II highway; (3) Class III and Class IV highways.
4.1.2 The inspection frequency of the observed items specified in this chapter shall be the minimum inspection frequency within each inspection section of double-lane highways when the inspection section is measured in linear meter; as for the multiple lane highways, the inspection frequency shall must be according to the ratio between the quantity of lanes and the double lanes, and the inspection quantity shall be increased correspondingly.
4.1.3 The compaction degree of subgrade must be inspected in layers and shall meet those specified in Annex B. The other inspection items of subgrade all shall be inspected and measured at the top surface of subgrade.
4.1.4 The shoulder engineering may be inspected and evaluated as one subdivisional work of the pavement engineering.
4.1.5 The compaction standard of the earthworks of parking lot and toll plaza at service areas may be monitored according to the requirements of earthwork subgrade.
4.2 Earthwork subgrades
4.2.1 Basic requirements
1) Within the scope of the land and borrow pit of subgrade, the surface vegetation, sundries, water accumulation, sullage, surface soil, as well as disposal pit and pond shall be removed, and the foundation base shall be compacted according to the specifications and the design requirements.
2) The subgrade filling shall be in accordance with those specified in specifications and design and shall be adopted reasonably through careful research and test.
3) The fill subgrade must be filled and compacted in layers, the surface of each layer shall be smooth, and the road camber shall be applicable with better drainage.
4) The temporary drainage system in construction shall be combined with the design drainage system, the side slopes shall be prevented from washing and the subgrade shall not be near to water accumulation.
5) The earth shall be collected from the specified borrow area reasonably and shall not be excavated excessively. After completion, the borrow pit and spoil ground shall be finished to keep the geometric shapes as required.
4.2.2 Observed items
1 General Provisions - 1 -
2 Terms - 2 -
3 Engineering Quality Evaluation - 3 -
3.1 General provisions - 3 -
3.2 Quality grading of engineering - 3 -
3.3 Quality grade evaluation of engineering - 5 -
4 Subgrade Earth-rock Engineering - 7 -
4.1 General provisions - 7 -
4.2 Earthwork subgrades - 7 -
4.3 Rockwork subgrades - 9 -
4.4 Treatment of soft-soil foundation - 10 -
4.5 Treatment layer of earth-rock composite materials - 11 -
5 Drainage Engineering - 14 -
5.1 General provisions - 14 -
5.2 Prefabrication of pipe joints - 14 -
5.3 Pipe foundation and pipe joint installation - 15 -
5.4 Inspection shaft (catch basin) masonry - 16 -
5.5 Earth ditch - 17 -
5.6 Grouted drain ditch - 17 -
5.7 Blind drain - 18 -
5.8 Drainage pumping station - 18 -
6 Retaining Wall, Protection and other Masonry Engineering - 20 -
6.1 General provisions - 20 -
6.2 Masonry retaining wall - 20 -
6.3 Cantilever and counterfort retaining walls - 21 -
6.4 Anchorage, anchored bulkhead and reinforced earth retaining walls - 22 -
6.5 Pile-plank retaining wall - 25 -
6.6 Wall back filling - 25 -
6.7 Anti-slide pile - 26 -
6.8 Anchor-spray protection for excavation side slope - 26 -
6.9 Conical slope and slope protection - 28 -
6.10 Stoneworks - 28 -
6.11 Diversion construction - 29 -
6.12 Rock filled gabion protection - 30 -
7 Pavement Engineering - 32 -
7.1 General provisions - 32 -
7.2 Cement concrete surface course - 33 -
7.3 Bituminous concrete facing membrane and asphalt macadam (gravel) surface course - 35 -
7.4 Bituminous penetration surface course (or penetration surface course with coated chips) - 37 -
7.5 Bituminous surface treatment course - 38 -
7.6 Soil-cement base course and subbase course - 39 -
7.7 Cement stabilized aggregate (crushed stone, gravel or slag) base course and subbase course - 40 -
7.8 Lime soil base course and subbase course - 41 -
7.9 Lime stabilized aggregate (crushed stone, gravel or slag) base course and subbase course - 43 -
7.10 Lime and fly ash soil base course and subbase course - 44 -
7.11 Lime-fly ash stabilized aggregate (crushed stone, gravel or slag) base course and subbase course - 45 -
7.12 Grading macadam (gravel) base course and subbase course - 46 -
7.13 Calking macadam (slag) base course and subbase course - 47 -
7.14 Laying of curbstones - 48 -
7.15 Shoulders - 48 -
8 Bridge Engineering - 50 -
8.1 General provisions - 50 -
8.2 Bridge entirety - 51 -
8.3 Processing, installation and tensioning of steel reinforcements and prestressed reinforcements - 51 -
8.4 Masonry - 55 -
8.5 Foundation - 58 -
8.6 Pier, abutment body and cap beam - 68 -
8.7 Beam bridge - 72 -
8.8 Arch bridge - 79 -
8.9 Steel bridge - 88 -
8.10 Stayed-cable bridge - 93 -
8.11 Suspension bridge - 105 -
8.12 Bridge floor system and auxiliary works - 120 -
9 Culvert Engineering - 131 -
9.1 General provisions - 131 -
9.2 Overall culvert - 131 -
9.3 Culvert - 132 -
9.4 Manufacture of culvert pipe - 133 -
9.5 Installation of socket and culvert pipes - 133 -
9.6 Manufacture of cover plate - 133 -
9.7 Installation of cover plate - 134 -
9.8 Box culvert pouring - 135 -
9.9 Culvert pouring (laying) - 135 -
9.10 Laying of Inverted siphon borehole and collecting well - 136 -
9.11 Straight end wall and wing wall - 136 -
9.12 Truncated cone slope - 137 -
9.13 Constructive bridge and culvert with jack-in method - 137 -
10 Tunneling Works - 139 -
10.1 General provisions - 139 -
10.2 Overall tunnel - 140 -
10.3 Open tunnel pouring - 141 -
10.4 Waterproof layer of open cut tunnel - 142 -
10.5 Open cut tunnel backfilling - 142 -
10.6 Tunnel body excavation - 143 -
10.7 (Steel fiber) Sprayed concrete support - 144 -
10.8 Bolt supporting - 144 -
10.9 Steel mesh support - 145 -
10.10 Inverted arch - 146 -
10.11 Concrete lining - 146 -
10.12 Steel support - 147 -
10.13 Steel reinforcements for lining - 148 -
10.14 Waterproof layer - 149 -
10.15 Water stop band - 149 -
10.16 Drainage - 150 -
10.17 Advancing bolt - 150 -
10.18 Advancing steel pipe - 151 -
11 Traffic Safety Devices - 152 -
11.1 General provisions - 152 -
11.2 Traffic signs - 152 -
11.3 Pavement marking - 154 -
11.4 Steel barriers of waveform beam - 155 -
11.5 Concrete barriers - 156 -
11.6 Cable barriers - 157 -
11.7 Raised road signs - 158 -
11.8 Contour marking - 159 -
11.9 Glare screen - 160 -
11.10 Fence and anti-falling mesh - 161 -
12 Environmental Protection Engineering - 163 -
12.1 General provisions - 163 -
12.2 Building blocks sound barrier - 163 -
12.3 Metallic structure sound barrier - 164 -
12.4 Landscaping at median divider - 166 -
12.5 Roadside landscaping - 166 -
12.6 Landscaping at interchange area - 167 -
12.7 Landscaping at maintenance precinct and serving area - 168 -
12.8 Fetch, spoil ground landscaping - 169 -
Annex A Classification of Unit Engineering, Partitioned Projects and Subdivisional Works - 170 -
Annex B Evaluation on Compaction Degree of Subgrade and Pavement - 174 -
Annex C Evaluation on Flexural-tensile Strength of Cement Concrete - 177 -
Annex D Evaluation on Compressive Strength of Cement Concrete - 178 -
Annex E Evaluation on Compressive Strength of Sprayed Concrete - 180 -
Annex F Evaluation on Strength of Cement Mortar - 181 -
Annex G Strength Evaluation on the Materials of Semi-rigid Base Course and Subbase - 182 -
Annex H Evaluation on Thickness of Pavement Structure Layer - 183 -
Annex I Evaluation on Deflection Value of Subgrade, Flexible Base, and Asphalt Pavement - 184 -
Annex J Quality Inspection and Evaluation Table of Engineering - 185 -
Annex K Evaluation on Cross-force Coefficient of Pavement - 190 -
Annex L Wording Explanation of this Standard - 191 -
