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1 General Provisions 1.0.1 This standard was formulated with a view to implementing the national technical economic policies, saving resources, protecting the environment, standardizing the assessment of green buildings and promoting sustainable development. [Explanation] Buildings will occupy and consume a large quantity of resources during construction and use and will generate adverse impact on the environment. China faces a severe problem of insufficient total and per-capita resources but an incredible growth rate of consumption, and is far below the developed countries in term of resource recycling rate. Moreover, China is in the accelerated development period of industrialization and urbanization, and the total consumption of energy resources is growing rapidly year by year. It's a very significant but urgent task to develop green buildings in China. To actively guide the development of green buildings, it will be of very important significance to draw lessons from the international advanced experience, establish a set of green building assessment systems suitable for China's national situation, formulate and implement uniform and normative assessment criteria and reflect the concept of sustainable development of building field. The previous edition "Evaluation Standard for Green Building" (GB/T 50378-2006) of the "Standard" (hereinafter referred to as "2006 edition of this standard") is the second multiple-objective and multi-level comprehensive assessment standard for green buildings formulated by summarizing the practical experience and research achievements on green buildings in China and drawing lessons from the international advanced experience. 2006 edition of this standard makes clear the definition, assessment indexes and assessment methods of green buildings, and establishes the development concept and assessment system of green buildings centered on "energy saving, land saving, water saving, materials saving and environmental protection". Since it was published and put into force in 2006, it has become an important basis for the study and preparation of various green building standards and effectively guides the practical work of green buildings in China. As of the end of 2014, it has been applied for assessment of 2,538 green building projects accumulatively, with total building area up to 290,000,000m2. Since the "12th Five-year Plan", China's green buildings have been developing rapidly. With gradual promoting of all work of green buildings, the connotation and extension of green buildings are continuously enriched, and the demand of practicing green concept in all industries and building types is continuously proposed, and 2006 edition of this standard is no longer able to fully adapt to the need of practice and assessment work of green buildings at the present stage. Therefore, according to the requirements of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, it is revised by China Academy of Building Research and Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences (Group) Co., Ltd. in conjunction with the organizations concerned. 1.0.2 This standard is applicable to assessment of green civil buildings. [Explanation] Due to different use functions of buildings, there are also large differences in their resource consumption and environmental impact. 2006 edition of this standard focuses on the assessment of the residential buildings with large amount and the office buildings, commercial buildings and hotel buildings with relatively large resource consumption among public buildings. In this revision, the application scope of the "Standard" is further extended from the residential buildings and the office buildings, commercial buildings and hotel buildings among public buildings to all main types of civil buildings, with the main considerations as follows: (1) On basis of the working practice of green building assessment in recent years, the connotation and extension of green building are continuously enriched, and the demand of practicing green concept in all industries and building types is continuously proposed. As of the end of 2012, among 742 green building identification projects, five are of medical treatment and health care type, nine are of conference and exhibition type and twelve are of school education type, but it is reflected in specific assessment that 2006 edition of this standard is insufficient and requires appropriate adjustment when being applied for these building types. (2) In recent years, some assessment standards for green buildings in allusion to specific building types have been successively approved, like "Evaluation Standard for Green Office Building" (GB/T 50908-2013), "Assessment Standard for Green Store Building" (submitted for approval), "Assessment Standard for Green Restaurant Building", "Assessment Standard for Green Hospital Building" (submitted for approval) and "Assessment Standard for Green Museum Building" (submitted for approval), etc. The "Standard" makes comprehensive consideration of various civil buildings, including above-mentioned building types and certainly will contribute to the coordination among all relevant national standards, and a system of green building assessment standards, which have respective characteristics but are relatively uniform, will be formed. (3) The project test assessment work also incorporates four projects of medical treatment and health care type, five ones of conference and exhibition type and seven ones of school education as well as such buildings as terminals and logistics center, and preliminarily verifies the applicability of the "Standard" to it. 1.0.3 The assessment of green buildings shall be in accordance with local conditions and in combination with the climate, environment, resource, economy, culture, etc. at the place where the building is located, and then a comprehensive assessment shall be carried out to the building in terms of the energy, land, water and materials saving together with environmental protection within the total service life of the building. [Explanation] Adaptation to local conditions is the most important basic principle for construction of green buildings, and it shall be especially emphasized in allusion to the national condition that various areas have relatively large differences in climate, environment, resource, economic and social development level, folk culture and other aspects due to the vast territory of China. The assessment of green buildings shall take comprehensive consideration of the climate, environment, resource, economy, culture and other conditions and characteristics at the location of green buildings. It is a total service life of a building from its planning and design to construction and to its operation, use and final demolition. This revision basically realizes the coverage of all links and stages in the total service life of a building. Energy saving, land saving, water saving, materials saving and environmental protection (four savings and environmental protection) are the core content of the development and assessment of green buildings in China. The green buildings shall maximally achieve energy saving, land saving, water saving, materials saving and environmental protection during its total service life and shall also meet the functional requirements of buildings. In combination with functional requirements of a building, the assessment of it in terms of its four savings and environmental protection performance shall achieve comprehensive consideration, overall plan and general equilibrium. 1.0.4 The assessment of green buildings shall not only meet the requirements of this standard, but also comply with those in the current relevant ones of the nation. [Explanation] Compliance with the national laws and regulations and relevant standards is the precondition of participating in the assessment of green buildings. This standard focuses on the assessment of buildings in terms of the four savings and environmental protection performance, and does not cover all the due functional and performance requirements of general buildings, like structure safety and fire safety, etc., thus the buildings undergoing assessment shall also comply with those specified in the current relevant standards of the nation. Certainly, the assessment work of green building shall also meet the requirements of current relevant standards of the nation. 2 Terminologies 2.0.1 Green building Building which is able to maximally save resources (energy, land, water and materials), protect the environment, reduce pollution, provide people with a healthy, suitable and high-performance application space and have harmonious coexistence with the nature. 2.0.2 Heat island intensity The characterization parameter of urban heat island effect, by which the difference of the temperature between one area in the city and the suburb is expressed by the temperature difference between the typical measuring points. 2.0.3 Annual runoff volume capture ratio Ratio of the amount of accumulated annual rainfall under control, through natural and artificial intensified infiltration, retention and storage, collection and reuse, in the site to the total rainfall in one year. 2.0.4 Renewable energy A general term of non-fossil energies, like wind energy, solar energy, hydroenergy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy, etc. 2.0.5 Reclaimed water The undrinkable water obtained by appropriately treating the wastewater to reach a certain water quality standard and to meet a certain kind of service requirements. 2.0.6 Non-traditional water source The water sources that are different from the traditional surface water source and groundwater source, including reclaimed water, rainwater, sea water, etc. 2.0.7 Reusable material Reclaimed materials which are reusable directly without changing the physical form or after combination and restoration. 2.0.8 Recyclable material Reclaimed materials which are likely to reach cyclic utilization by changing the physical form. 3 Basic Requirements 3.1 General Requirements 3.1.1 In assessment of green buildings, a single building or building group shall be taken as the assessment object. Where a single building is assessed, any index related to systematicness and integrity shall be assessed on basis of the entirety of the engineering project to which this building belongs. [Explanation] Single buildings and building groups may be applied for assessment as green building. Where a single building in certain engineering project undergoes assessment, some assessment indexes (e.g., the greening rate of residential area) are set in allusion to this engineering project or other buildings in this engineering project are also adopted with the same technical scheme (e.g., utilization of reclaimed water), and it is difficult to carry out the assessment only on basis of this single building, and in this case the assessment shall be carried out on basis of the entirety of the engineering project to which this building belongs. Building group refers to a group composed of two or more single adjacent buildings which have the same functions and ownership as well as the same or similar technical system. Common building groups include residential building group and office building group. During the assessment of a building group, each single building may be assessed with the scoring items and bonus items given in this standard to obtain the total score of each single building, and then weighted calculation shall be carried out according to the building area of single building to obtain the total score of this building group, and finally the green building class of this building group shall be determined based on its total score. The buildings under assessment shall not be a temporary building (e.g., mostly the ice and snow buildings in the north and the container building appeared in the south in recent years), and shall be a complete building without any part of area excluded. No matter whether the assessment object is a single building or building group, in the calculation of systematicness and integrity indexes, overall assessment shall be carried out on basis of the scope and area covered by this index, and the border of computational domain shall be reasonable, with consistent aperture and be able to completely enclose. The usual systematicness and integrity indexes mainly include: residential land per capita, floor area ratio, greening rate, public green area per capita, annual runoff volume capture ratio, etc. 3.1.2 Assessment of green buildings consists of design assessment and operation assessment. The design assessment shall be carried out after the construction drawing design document for the construction engineering is examined and approved while the operation assessment shall be carried out one year after the building is completed and accepted and put into service. [Explanation] 2006 edition of this standard requires that the assessment shall be carried out one year after the building has been put into service. However, the green building assessment label has been classified into "green building design label" and "green building assessment label" in the "Implementation Regulations for Green Building Assessment Label (revision on trial)" (JianKeZong [2008] No.61) which is issued subsequently. Moreover, the working practice of many years proves that such kind of assessment in stages is feasible and has active action to the promotion of green building in China. Therefore, the assessment stages are also divided in the "Standard" for the convenience of better use in conjunction with the relevant management documents. As for the specific method, according to the results of the public opinions solicited previously, most of the fedback opinions agree to assess the contents of the two chapters - "Construction Management" and "Operation Management" only at the operation stage. On basis of this, the "Standard" specifies the content of design assessment in five chapters, i.e., "Land Saving and Outdoor Environment", "Energy Saving and Energy Utilization", "Water Saving and Water Resource Utilization", "Materials Saving and Material Resource Utilization" and "Indoor Environment Quality", and specifies the content of operation assessment in two more chapters, i.e., "Construction Management" and "Operation Management" in addition to aforesaid five chapters. It is specified in Article 3.1.1 that assessment of green buildings shall take an intact building as the basic object. The design assessment shall adhere to this principle, and shall not carry out green assessment on part of area in one building. However, operation assessment may be relatively flexible in some cases, which mainly means that if the multi-functional integrated buildings of two or more owners exist, the principle of "taking one intact building as the basic object" shall be considered at first, and the owners shall be encouraged to jointly apply for operation assessment; where all the owners cannot file application jointly but some owner(s) is (are) willing to separately file an application, operation assessment may be carried out to part of the area in a building, however the area being applied for operation assessment shall have a building area no less than 20,000m2 and shall have relatively independent HVAC, water supply and drainage and other relevant equipment and systems, and the power, gas, heat and water consumption in this area may be measureable independently. The owner applying for operation assessment (especially part of the areas) shall make clear the area covered by its property right and operation management, and the systematicness and integrity indexes concerned shall undergo overall assessment based on the scope or area covered by the index (see Article 3.1.1 for details). 3.1.3 The assessment applicant shall carry out both technical and economic analyses for the total service life of the building so as to rationally determine the building scale and to adopt appropriate building technology, equipment and materials, and shall control the whole process of planning, design, construction and operation stages and submit the corresponding analyses and test reports as well as relevant documents. [Explanation] The assessment applicant shall make decision according to the relevant management system documents. This article gives requirements for the relevant work of assessment applicant. As for green building, the energy resource saving and environmental protection performance within the total service life are stressed, thus the assessment applicant shall exercise control over all stages in the total service life of the building, take comprehensive consideration of such factors as performance, safety, durability, economy and aesthetics, optimize the selection of building technology, equipment and materials, comprehensively assess the general equilibrium among building scale, building technology and investment, and submit the corresponding analyses and test reports and the relevant documents according to the requirements of this standard. 3.1.4 The assessment organization shall verify the reports and documents submitted by the assessment applicant according to the relevant requirements of this standard, issue the assessment report and rate a grade. The buildings applied for operation assessment shall also be subject to site survey. [Explanation] The green building assessment organization shall make decision according to the relevant management system documents. This article gives requirements for the relevant work of green building assessment organization. The green building assessment organization shall review the reports and documents submitted by the assessment applicant according to the relevant requirements of this standard, and shall rate a grade in the assessment report. As for the buildings applied for operation assessment, the assessment organization shall also organize site survey to further check the implementation condition of the requirements stated in planning and design as well as the actual performance and operation effect of the building. 3.2 Assessment and Rating 3.2.1 The green building assessment index system consists of seven kinds of indexes, including land saving and outdoor environment, energy saving and energy utilization, water saving and water resource utilization, materials saving and material resource utilization, indoor environment quality, construction management and operation management. Each kind of indexes includes control items and scoring items. The assessment index system also has bonus items uniformly. [Explanation] As for the main category of indexes, in addition to the six kinds of indexes, i.e., land saving and outdoor environment, energy saving and energy utilization, water saving and water resource utilization, materials saving and material resource utilization, indoor environment quality and operation management, as stated in 2006 edition of this standard, "construction management" is added in the "Standard" to better cover the total service life of the building. In this revision, "general items" and "optimal items" stated in 2006 edition of this standard are changed into "scoring items". This revision also adds "bonus items" in order to encourage the technical and managerial innovation and improvement of green building in terms of resource saving and environmental protection. The provisions about "bonus items" may be respectively classified into the seven kinds of indexes, but they are all explained intensively in three separate chapters in this revision in order to distinguish the incentive requirements and measures from the basic requirements in seven aspects of green buildings. Regarding the specific indexes (provisions about assessment), according to the results of early investigations in every respect and the condition fedback in consultation and project test assessment, and starting from the fact that there is a slight improvement of difficulty level to reach each assessment class after the revision of this standard and from the purpose to make the quantity of identification items for each star-level green building be in pyramid distribution as much as possible, the assessment index system is hereby further improved in this revision by supplementing, refining, deleting, simplifying and modifying the content or index values, adding, cancelling, separating, combining and adjusting the position of chapters and sections or the index property, as detailed in Appendix A. 3.2.2 Design assessment is not carried out for indexes of construction management and operation management but the pre-assessment of the relevant provisions are possible. The operation assessment shall cover 7 kinds of indexes. [Explanation] Operation assessment assesses the final results and inspects whether the green building truly meets the effect of "four saving and environmental protection" after being put into service, it shall cover all the indexes. Design assessment is targeted at drawings and schemes and does not involve construction and operation, thus it will not cover the indexes of construction management and operation management. However, if part of the measures in terms of construction management and operation management can be considered in advance and pre-assessed during design assessment, it will be helpful to achieve the purposes of resource saving and environmental protection of these two stages. In the "Standard", there are ten provisions totally that are allowed to be pre-assessed during design assessment, i.e., Articles 9.1.4, 9.2.6, 9.2.7, 9.2.12 and 9.2.13 in Chapter 9-"Construction Management" and Articles 10.1.2, 10.1.5, 10.2.7, 10.2.8 and 10.2.12 in Chapter 10-"Operation Management". 3.2.3 The assessment result is "pass" or "fail" for control items; assessment result is the score for scoring items and bonus items. [Explanation] The assessment of control items is the same as stated in 2006 edition of this standard. As for assessment of scoring items, whether a score will be awarded shall be determined according to those specified in the provisions about assessment; if a score is awarded, the scores of the specific scoring subitems shall be determined as required or according to the specific conformance degree. As for assessment of bonus items, whether a score will be awarded shall be determined according to those specified in the provisions about assessment. The scoring items in this standard may be scored in the following several modes: 1. A fixed score will be awarded if one provision is used for judging one kind of performance or technical indexes and it is unnecessary to award different scores based on different conformance conditions; if the score is 0 or a fixed value, it will be expressed as "the assessment score is * points" in the main text of this provision, see Article 4.2.5; 2. If one provision is used for judging one kind of performance or technical indexes and it is required to award different scores based on different conformance conditions, "the total assessment score is * points" will be expressed in the main text of this provision, and moreover all the scores will be expressed in the form of "* points" in ascending order in the main text of this provision, see Article 4.2.14; this scoring mode in ascending order shall be adopted for the site annual runoff volume capture ratio; in the case that a large number of ascending grades are involved or the scoring is extremely complex, the scores will be listed in table and will be expressed as "scoring according to the rules stated in Table *" in the main text of this provision, see Article 4.2.1; 3. If one provision is used for judging one kind of performance or technical indexes but it is necessary to make judgement respectively in allusion to different building types or characteristics, scores will be awarded respectively per clause or item in allusion to various types and characteristics and the score of each clause or item is equal to that of this provision, and it will be expressed as "the following scoring rules are subject to, with maximum as * points" in the main text of this provision, see Article 4.2.11; 4. If one provision is used for judging multiple technical indexes, the judgement of these technical indexes will be expressed per clause or item and they will be scored per clause or item, and the score of this provision is the sum of the scores of all its clauses or items and will be expressed as "the following scoring rules are subject to, with accumulated maximum as * points" in the main text of this provision, see Article 4.2.4; 5. If one provision is used for judging multiple technical indexes and one technical index therein needs a different score according to different conformance conditions, the judgment shall be carried out per multiple technical indexes and expressed in the form of clause or item and the score shall be awarded per clause or item at first, and then some technical indexes shall be scored in ascending order according to their different conformance degree. Take Article 4.2.2 for example, 2 points are scored for the greening rate of residential area and 7 points for the public green area per capita in residential area at maximum, thereinto the public green area per capita in residential area is also awarded with 3, 5 and 7 points respectively per different conformance degree; 7 points are scored for the greening rate of public buildings at maximum and 2 points for "public opening of the green land of public buildings", and thereinto the greening rate of public buildings is also awarded with 2, 5 and 7 points respectively per different conformance degree. This scoring mode is the combination of above Items 2, 3 and 4. A few provisions may have the combination of other scoring modes. The score of each assessment provision in this standard shall be comprehensively adjusted and determined via widely soliciting for opinions and test assessment. In the main text of each provision about scoring items and bonus items in this standard, the "assessment score" or "total assessment score" is given, which is the highest available score of this provision. It shall be particularly stated that, as for the case that a clause (item) in an individual provision is inapplicable, it has been defined in the Explanation of Provisions or the Guidelines that some such clauses (items) may be treated by directly scoring (e.g., Items 1 and 2 in Article 4.2.4), and some may be treated by eliminating from the assessment (e.g., Item 1 in Article 7.2.6). 3.2.4 As for the assessment of green buildings, the building class shall be determined according to the total score. [Explanation] Being different from the mode as stated in 2006 edition of this standard to determine the green building class according to the quantity values of provisions respectively met by the general items and optimal items of various indexes, this standard determines the class of green buildings according to the total score. In consideration of the relative difference between various indexes in term of the importance, weighting is introduced during calculation of total score. Meanwhile, in order to encourage promotion and innovation in aspects of technology and management of green buildings, the additional score by bonus items is also included during calculation of total score. The total score of design assessment is the sum of the weighted values of the scores for scoring items of five kinds of indexes (land saving and outdoor environment, energy saving and energy utilization, water saving and water resource utilization, materials saving and material resource utilization, and indoor environment quality) and the additional scores of bonus items; the total score of operation assessment is the sum of the weighted values of the scores for scoring items of seven kinds of indexes (land saving and outdoor environment, energy saving and energy utilization, water saving and water resource utilization, materials saving and material resource utilization, indoor environment quality, construction management, and operation management) and the additional scores of bonus items. 3.2.5 The total score of the seven kinds of indexes in the assessment index system is 100 points. The scores, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6 and Q7, for respective scoring items of the seven kinds of indexes shall be calculated as the actual points of the scoring item for the index of assessed building divided by the total scores of the scoring item suitable for the building and then multiplied by 100 points. [Explanation] In this revision, the class of the green building is determined according to the total assessment score. The total score of each among the seven kinds of indexes is 100 points, which may be referred to as "theoretical full score". As for the specific buildings under assessment, as they are objectively different from each other in terms of function and the climate, environment and resource at their location, there are always some inapplicable provisions (the simplest example is that the provisions on heating are not applicable to the residential buildings in non-heating area), and the inapplicable provisions for scoring items will not be assessed. In this way, the quantity of provisions for scoring items applicable for each building under assessment and the actually available full score is less than 100 points, which is referred to as "actual full score", namely: Actual full score = theoretical full score (100 points) - ∑scores of the provisions beyond assessment = ∑scores of the provisions under assessment. During scoring, the score of each kind of index: Q1-7 = (actual score/actual full score)×100 points. For example: Q2= (72/80)×100=90 points, thereinto 72 is the actual score of the building under assessment, and 80 is the actually available full score of the building under assessment. In this case, the ratio of the actual score of scoring items for certain index of the building under assessment to the total score of scoring items for the building under assessment shall be calculated, which reflects the relative scoring average of the actually adopted "green measures" and (or) effects of the building under assessment to all the theoretically available "green measures" and (or) effects of this building. It is a kind of "normalized" treatment to multiply this scoring average by 100 points, by which the scoring average is uniformly converted into score value. As for a certain building under assessment, whether a certain provision or its clauses (items) will be assessed may be judged according to the provisions of standard, explanation of provisions, and the supplemental explanation the Guidelines. As for some particular cases which are not defined in the provisions of standard, explanation of provisions or the supplemental explanation the Guidelines, whether a certain provision or its clauses (items) will be assessed may be judged according to actual situation. 3.2.6 Additional score, Q8, of bonus item is determined according to the relevant requirements specified in Chapter 11. [Explanation] Section 2 in Chapter 11 specifies the assessment on the performance promotion and innovation of buildings, while Section 1 specifies the scoring rules for bonus items. The determination mode of the additional score, Q8, of bonus item is different from that of the score, Q1-7, of seven kinds of indexes stated in the assessment index system. During assessment on bonus items, the provisions inapplicable to the building under assessment will be directly treated as "0" point. 3.2.7 The total score in the green building assessment shall be calculated by the formula below, in which the weight, ω1-ω7, of the scoring items for the seven kinds of indexes in the assessment index system shall be valued according to Table 3.2.7. Contents 1 General Provisions 2 Terminologies 3 Basic Requirements 3.1 General Requirements 3.2 Assessment and Rating 4 Land Saving and Outdoor Environment 4.1 Control Items 4.2 Scoring Items 5 Energy Conservation and Utilization 5.1 Control Items 5.2 Scoring Items 6 Water Saving and Water Resource Utilization 6.1 Control Items 6.2 Scoring Items 7 Materials Saving and Material Resource Utilization 7.1 Control Items 7.2 Scoring Items 8 Indoor Environment Quality 8.1 Control Items 8.2 Scoring Items 9 Construction Management 9.1 Control Items 9.2 Scoring Items 10 Operation Management 10.1 Control Items 10.2 Scoring Items 11 Promotion and Innovation 11.1 General Requirements 11.2 Bonus Items Appendix A Overview of Assessment Index System and Score for National Standard "Assessment Standard for Green Building" (GB/T 50378-2014) Appendix B Thermal Performance Index of Enclosing Structure Appendix C Energy Efficiency Index of Cold Source Unit of Air Conditioning System 绿色建筑评价技术细则 二○一五年七月 前言 国家标准《绿色建筑评价标准》GB/T 50378-2014(以下简称《标准》)已由住房城乡建设部、国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布，自2015年1月1日起实施。为了适应当前绿色建筑快速发展的需要，更好地指导绿色建筑评价工作，在该标准修订过程中，住房城乡建设部委托中国建筑科学研究院牵头，联合《标准》修订组专家和国家科技支撑计划相关课题的承担单位，同时启动了原《绿色建筑评价技术细则》(以下简称《技术细则》)的修订工作，并于2015年2月通过了专家审查。 《技术细则》依据新《标准》进行修订编制，并与其配合使用，为绿色建筑评价工作提供更为具体的技术指导。《技术细则》章节编排也与《标准》基本对应。《技术细则》第1～3章，对我国绿色建筑评价工作的基本原则、有关术语、评价对象、评价阶段、评价指标、评价方法以及评价文件要求等作了阐释；第4～11章，对《标准》评价技术条文逐条给出【条文说明扩展】和【具体评价方式】【条文说明扩展】主要是对标准正文技术内容的细化以及相关标准规范的规定，原则上不重复《标准》条文说明内容。【具体评价方式】主要是对评价工作要求的细化，包括适用的评价阶段，条文说明中所列各点评价方式的具体操作形式及相应的材料文件名称、内容和格式要求等，是对定性条文判定或评分原则、对定量条文计算方法或工具的补充说明，明确评价时的审查要点和注意事项等；附录给出了评价中方便查阅参考的《标准》评价指标体系及分值总览、围护结构热工性能指标、空调系统冷源机组能效指标等。 《技术细则》的编制工作还得到了国家科技支撑计划课题“绿色建筑标准体系与不同气候区不同类型建筑重点标准规范研究”、“绿色建筑评价指标体系与综合评价方法研究”课题组专家的大力支持。 各地在《技术细则》的使用过程中，应及时总结经验，将意见建议反馈给我部建筑节能与科技司(010-58933282)或中国建筑科学研究院标准规范处(地址：北京市北三环东路30号；邮编：100013；E-mail:gb50378@126.com)，以便修订完善。 2015年7月 主要编写人员： 中国建筑科学研究院 林海燕、程志军、王清勤、曾捷、叶凌 上海市建筑科学研究院(集团)有限公司 韩继红 中国城市科学研究会绿色建筑与节能专业委员会 王有为 中国城市规划设计研究院 鹿勤 清华大学 林波荣 同济大学 程大章 参加编写人员：孙大明、于震平、马素贞、廖琳、张娟、郡涛、刘迎鑫、张江华、许荷、汤民、樊瑛、吕石磊、李小阳、高迪、罗涛、闰国军、李晓萍、张森、郭振伟 1总则 1.0.1为贯彻国家技术经济政策，节约资源，保护环境，规范绿色建筑的评价，推进可持续发展，制定本标准。 【说明】 建筑在其建造和使用过程中占用和消耗大量的资源，并对环境产生不利影响。我国资源总量和人均资源量都严重不足，同时我国的消费增长速度惊人，在资源再生利用率上也远低于发达国家。而且我国正处于工业化、城镇化加速发展时期，能源资源消耗总量逐年迅速增长。在我国发展绿色建筑，是一项意义重大而十分迫切的任务。借鉴国际先进经验，建立一套适合我国国情的绿色建筑评价体系，制订并实施统一、规范的评价标准，反映建筑领域可持续发展理念，对积极引导绿色建筑发展，具有十分重要的意义。 本标准的前一版本《绿色建筑评价标准》GB/T50378-2006(以下称本标准2006年版)是总结我国绿色建筑方面的实践经验和研究成果，借鉴国际先进经验制定的第二部多目标、多层次的绿色建筑综合评价标准。该标准明确了绿色建筑的定义、评价指标和评价方法，确立了我国以“四节-环保”为核心内容的绿色建筑发展理念和评价体系。自2006年发布实施以来，已经成为我国各级、各类绿色建筑标准研究和编制的重要基础，有效指导了我国绿色建筑实践工作。截至2014年底，累计评价绿色建筑项目2538个，总建筑面积达2.9亿m2。 “十二五”以来，我国绿色建筑快速发展。随着绿色建筑各项工作的逐步推进，绿色建筑的内涵和外延不断丰富，各行业、各类别建筑践行绿色理念的需求不断提出，本标准2006年版已不能完全适应现阶段绿色建筑实践及评价工作的需要。因此，根据住房和城乡建设部的要求，由中国建筑科学研究院、上海市建筑科学研究院(集团)有限公司会同有关单位对其进行了修订。 1.0.2本标准适用于绿色民用建筑的评价。 【说明】 建筑因使用功能不同，其资源消耗和对环境的影响存在较大差异。本标准2006年版侧重于评价总量大的住宅建筑和公共建筑中资源消耗较多的办公建筑、商场建筑、旅馆建筑。本次修订，《标准》的适用范围，由本标准2006年版中的住宅建筑和公共建筑中的办公建筑、商场建筑和旅馆建筑，进一步扩展至民用建筑各主要类型。主要考虑如下： (1)由近些年的绿色建筑评价工作实践来看，绿色建筑的内涵和外延不断丰富，各行业、各类别建筑践行绿色理念的需求不断提出。截至2012年底，742个绿色建筑标识项目中已有医疗卫生类5项、会议展览类9项、学校教育类12项，但具体评价中却反映出本标准2006年版对于这些类型的建筑考虑得不够，需要适当调整。 (2)近些年先后立项了《绿色办公建筑评价标准》GB/T50908-2013、《绿色商店建筑评价标准》(已报批)、《绿色饭店建筑评价标准》、《绿色医院建筑评价标准》(已报批)、《绿色博览建筑评价标准》(已报批)等针对特定建筑类型的绿色建筑评价标准，《标准》对包括上述建筑类型在内的各类民用建筑予以统筹考虑，必将有助于各国家标准之间的协调，形成一个既各有特色又相对统一的绿色建筑评价标准体系。 (3)项目试评工作也纳入了4个医疗卫生类、5个会议展览类、7个学校教育类以及航站楼、物流中心等建筑，初步验证了《标准》对此的适用性。 1.0.3绿色建筑评价应遵循因地制宜的原则，结合建筑所在地域的气候、环境、 资源、经济及文化等特点，对建筑全寿命期内节能、节地、节水、节材、保护环境等性能进行综合评价。 【说明】 因地制宜是绿色建筑建设的一条最重要的基本原则，特别是针对我国地域辽阔，各地区在气候、环境、资源、经济社会发展水平与民俗文化等方面都存在较大差异的国情，更应该强调因地制宜。对绿色建筑的评价，应综合考量建筑所在地域的气候、环境、资源、经济及文化等条件和特点。建筑物从规划设计到施工，再到运行使用及最终的拆除，构成一个全寿命期。本次修订，基本实现了对建筑全寿命期内各环节和阶段的覆盖。节能、节地、节水、节材和保护环境(四节-环保)是我国绿色建筑发展和评价的核心内容。绿色建筑要求在建筑全寿命期内，最大限度地节能、节地、节水、节材和保护环境，同时满足建筑功能要求。结合建筑功能要求，对建筑的四节-环保性能进行评价时，要综合考虑，统筹兼顾，总体平衡。 1.0.4绿色建筑的评价除应符合本标准的规定外，尚应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。 【说明】 符合国家法律法规和相关标准是参与绿色建筑评价的前提条件。本标准重点在于对建筑的四节-环保性能进行评价，并未涵盖通常建筑物所应有的全部功能和性能要求，如结构安全、防火安全等，故参与评价的建筑尚应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。当然，绿色建筑的评价工作也应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。 2术语 2.0.1绿色建筑green building 在全寿命期内，最大限度地节约资源(节能、节地、节水、节材)、保护环境、减少污染，为人们提供健康、适用和高效的使用空间，与自然和谐共生的建筑。 2.0.2热岛强度heat island intensity 城市内一个区域的气温与郊区气温的差别，用二者代表性测点气温的差值表示，是城市热岛效应的表征参数。 2.0.3年径流总量控制率annual runoff volume capture ratio 通过自然和人工强化的入渗、滞蓄、调蓄和收集回用，场地内累计一年得到 控制的雨水量占全年总降雨量的比例。 2.0.4可再生能源renewable energy 风能、太阳能、水能、生物质能、地热能和海洋能等非化石能源的统称。 2.0.5再生水reclaimed water 污水经处理后，达到规定水质标准、满足一定使用要求的非饮用水。 2.0.6非传统水源non-traditional water source 不同于传统地表水供水和地下水供水的水源，包括再生水、雨水、海水等。 2.0.7可再利用材料reusable material 不改变物质形态可直接再利用的，或经过组合、修复后可直接再利用的回收材料。 2.0.8可再循环材料recyclable material 通过改变物质形态可实现循环利用的回收材料。 3基本规定 3.1一般规定 3.1.1绿色建筑的评价应以单栋建筑或建筑群为评价对象。评价单栋建筑时，凡涉及系统性、整体性的指标，应基于该栋建筑所属工程项目的总体进行评价。 【说明】 建筑单体和建筑群均可以参评绿色建筑。当需要对某工程项目中的单栋建筑进行评价时，由于有些评价指标是针对该工程项目设定的(如住区的绿地率)，或该工程项目中其他建筑也采用了相同的技术方案(如再生水利用)，难以仅基于该单栋建筑进行评价，此时，应以该栋建筑所属工程项目的总体为基准进行评价。 建筑群是指由位置毗邻、功能相同、权属相同、技术体系相同或相近的两个及以上单体建筑组成的群体。常见的建筑群有住宅建筑群、办公建筑群。当对建筑群进行评价时，可先用本标准评分项和加分项对各单体建筑进行评价，得到各单体建筑的总得分，再按各单体建筑的建筑面积进行加权计算得到建筑群的总得分，最后按建筑群的总得分确定建筑群的绿色建筑等级。 参评建筑本身不得为临时建筑(例如，多见于北方的冰雪建筑，近年来在南方出现的集装箱建筑)，且应为完整的建筑，不得从中剔除部分区域。无论评价对象为单栋建筑或建筑群，计算系统性、整体性指标时，要基于该指标所覆盖的范围或区域进行总体评价，计算区域的边界应选取合理、口径一致、能够完整围合。 常见的系统性、整体性指标主要有：人均居住用地、容积率、绿地率、人均公共绿地、年径流总量控制率等。 3.1.2绿色建筑的评价分为设计评价和运行评价。设计评价应在建筑工程施工图设计文件审查通过后进行，运行评价应在建筑通过竣工验收并投入使用一年后进行。 【说明】 本标准2006年版要求评价应在建筑投入使用一年后进行。但在随后发布的《绿色建筑评价标识实施细则(试行修订)》(建科综[2008]61号)中，已明确将绿色建筑评价标识分为“绿色建筑设计评价标识”和“绿色建筑评价标识”。而且，经过多年的工作实践，证明了这种分阶段评价的可行性，以及对于我国推广绿色建筑的积极作用。因此，《标准》在评价阶段上也作了划分，便于更好地与相关管理文件配合使用。 具体方法上，根据此前公开征求意见的结果，大部分反馈意见同意将“施工管理”、“运营管理”2章的内容仅在运行阶段评价。基于此，《标准》将设计评价内容定为“节地与室外环境”、“节能与能源利用”、“节水与水资源利用”、“节材与材料资源利用”、“室内环境质量”5章，运行评价则在此基础上增加“施工管理”、“运营管理”2章。 本标准3.1.1条规定绿色建筑评价以一栋完整的建筑为基本对象。设计评价应坚持这一原则，不对一栋建筑中的部分区域开展绿色评价。但运行评价在某些情况下可以灵活一些，这主要是指存在两个或两个以上业主的多功能综合性建筑，首先仍应考虑“以一栋完整的建筑为基本对象”的原则，鼓励其业主联合申请运行评价：如所有业主无法联合申请，但有业主有意愿单独申请时，则可对其中建筑中的部分区域开展运行评价，但申请运行评价的区域，建筑面积应不少于2万m2，且有相对独立的暖通空调、给水排水等设备系统，此区域的电、气、热、水耗也能进行独立计量。申请运行评价(尤其是部分区域)的业主，应明确其物业产权和运行管理涵盖的区域，涉及的系统性、整体性指标，还是要基于该指标所覆盖的范围或区域进行总体评价(详见第3.1.1条)。 3.1.3申请评价方应进行建筑全寿命期技术和经济分析，合理确定建筑规模，选用适当的建筑技术、设备和材料，对规划、设计、施工、运行阶段进行全过程控制，并提交相应分析、测试报告和相关文件。 【说明】 申请评价方依据有关管理制度文件确定。本条对申请评价方的相关工作提出要求。绿色建筑注重全寿命期内能源资源节约与环境保护的性能，申请评价方应对建筑全寿命期内各个阶段进行控制，综合考虑性能、安全、耐久、经济、美观等因素，优化建筑技术、设备和材料选用，综合评估建筑规模、建筑技术与投资之间的总体平衡，并按本标准的要求提交相应分析、测试报告和相关文件。 3.1.4评价机构应按本标准的有关要求，对申请评价方提交的报告、文件进行审查，出具评价报告，确定等级。对申请运行评价的建筑，尚应进行现场考察。 【说明】 绿色建筑评价机构依据有关管理制度文件确定。本条对绿色建筑评价机构的相关工作提出要求。绿色建筑评价机构应按照本标准的有关要求审查申请评价方提交的报告、文档，并在评价报告中确定等级。对申请运行评价的建筑，评价机构还应组织现场考察，进一步审核规划设计要求的落实情况以及建筑的实际性能和运行效果。 3.2评价与等级划分 3.2.1绿色建筑评价指标体系由节地与室外环境、节能与能源利用、节水与水资源利用、节材与材料资源利用、室内环境质量、施工管理、运营管理7类指标组成。每类指标均包括控制项和评分项。评价指标体系还统一设置加分项。 【说明】 指标大类方面，在本标准2006年版中节地与室外环境、节能与能源利用、节水与水资源利用、节材与材料资源利用、室内环境质量和运营管理6大类指标的基础上，《标准》增加了“施工管理”，更好地实现对建筑全寿命期的覆盖。 本次修订将本标准2006年版中“一般项”和“优选项”改为“评分项”。为鼓励绿色建筑在节约资源、保护环境的技术、管理上的创新和提高，本次修订增设了“加分项”。“加分项”部分条文本可以分别归类到七类指标中，但为了将鼓励性的要求和措施与对绿色建筑的七个方面的基本要求区分开来，本次修订将全部“加分项”条文集中在一起，列成单独二章。 具体指标(评价条文)方面，根据前期各方面的调研成果，以及征求意见和项目试评两方面工作所反馈的情况，以标准修订前后达到各评价等级的难易程度略有提高和尽量使各星级绿色建筑标识项目数量呈金字塔形分布为出发点，通过补充细化、删减简化、修改内容或指标值、新增、取消、拆分、合并、调整章节位置或指标属性等方式进一步完善了评价指标体系，详见附录A。 3.2.2设计评价时，不对施工管理和运营管理2类指标进行评价，但可预评相关条文。运行评价应包括7类指标。 【说明】 运行评价是最终结果的评价，检验绿色建筑投入实际使用后是否真正达到了四节-环保的效果，应对全部指标进行评价。设计评价的对象是图纸和方案，还未涉及施工和运营，所以不对施工管理和运营管理两类指标进行评价。但是，施工管理和运营管理的部分措施如能得到提前考虑，并在设计评价时预评，将有助于达到这两个阶段节约资源和环境保护的目的。 《标准》中，允许在设计评价进行预评的条文共10条，第9章施工管理包括第9.1.4、9.2.6、9.2.7、9.2.12、9.2.13条，第10章运营管理包括第10.1.2、10.1.5、10.2.7、10.2.8、10.2.12条。 3.2.3控制项的评定结果为满足或不满足；评分项和加分项的评定结果为分值。 【说明】 控制项的评价同本标准2006年版。评分项的评价，依据评价条文的规定确定得分或不得分，得分时根据需要对具体评分子项确定得分值，或根据具体达标程度确定得分值。加分项的评价，依据评价条文的规定确定得分或不得分。 本标准中评分项的赋分有以下几种方式： 1.一条条文评判一类性能或技术指标，且不需要根据达标情况不同赋以不同分值时，赋以一个固定分值，该评分项的得分为0分或固定分值，在条文主干部分表述为“评价分值为某分”，如第4.2.5条： 2.一条条文评判一类性能或技术指标，需要根据达标情况不同赋以不同分值时，在条文主干部分表述为“评价总分值为某分”，同时在条文主干部分将不同得分值表述为“得某分”的形式，且从低分到高分排列，如第4.2.14条，对场地年径流总量控制率采用这种递进赋分方式：递进的档次特别多或者评分特别复杂的，则采用列表的形式表达，在条文主干部分表述为“按某表的规则评分”，如第4.2.1条： 3.一条条文评判一类性能或技术指标，但需要针对不同建筑类型或特点分别评判时，针对各种类型或特点按款或项分别赋以分值，各款或项得分均等于该条得分，在条文主干部分表述为“评价总分值为某分，并按下列规则评分”，如第4.2.11条： 4.一条条文评判多个技术指标，将多个技术指标的评判以款或项的形式表达，并按款或项赋以分值，该条得分为各款或项得分之和，在条文主干部分表述为“评价总分值为某分，并按下列规则分别评分并累计”，如第4.2.4条： 5.一条条文评判多个技术指标，其中某技术指标需要根据达标情况不同赋以不同分值时，首先按多个技术指标的评判以款或项的形式表达并按款或项赋以分值，然后考虑达标程度不同对其中部分技术指标采用递进赋分方式。如第4.2.2条，对住区绿地率赋以2分，对住区人均公共绿地面积赋以最高7分，其中住区人均公共绿地面积又按达标程度不同分别赋以3分、5分、7分；对公共建筑绿地率赋以最高7分，对“公共建筑的绿地向社会公众开放”赋以2分，其中公共建筑绿地率又按达标程度不同分别赋以2分、5分、7分。这种赋分方式是上述第2、3、4种方式的组合。 可能还会有少数条文出现其他评分方式组合。 本标准中各评价条文的分值，经广泛征求意见和试评价后综合调整确定。本标准中评分项和加分项条文主干部分给出了该条文的“评价分值”或“评价总分值”，是该条可能得到的最高分值。需特别说明的是个别条文内某款(项)不适用的情况，已在条文说明或本细则中明确，有的接直接得分处理(例如第4.2.4条第1、2款)，有的按不参评处理(例如第7.2.6条第1款)。 3.2.4绿色建筑评价应按总得分确定等级。 【说明】 与本标准2006年版依据各类指标一般项达标的条文数以及优选项达标的条文数确定绿色建筑等级的方式不同，本版标准依据总得分来确定绿色建筑的等级。考虑到各类指标重要性方面的相对差异，计算总得分时引入了权重。同时，为了鼓励绿色建筑技术和管理方面的提升和创新，计算总得分时还计入了加分项的附加得分。 设计评价的总得分为节地与室外环境、节能与能源利用、节水与水资源和j用、节材与材料资源利用、室内环境质量五类指标的评分项得分经加权计算后与加分项的附加得分之和：运行评价的总得分为节地与室外环境、节能与能源利用、节水与水资源利用、节材与材料资源利用、室内环境质量、施工管理、运营管理七类指标的评分项得分经加权计算后与加分项的附加得分之和。 3.2.5评价指标体系7类指标的总分均为100分。7类指标各自的评分项得分Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6、Q7按参评建筑该类指标的评分项实际得分值除以适用于该建筑的评分项总分值再乘以100分计算。 【说明】 本次修订按评价总得分确定绿色建筑的等级。7类指标每一类的总分均为100分，可以称为“理论满分”。 对于具体的参评建筑而言，由于它们在功能、所处地域的气候、环境、资源等方面客观上存在差异，总有一些条文不适用(最简单的例子就是采暖方面的条文对非采暖地区的居住建筑不适用)，对不适用的评分项条文不予评定。这样，适用于各参评建筑的评分项的条文数量和实际可能达到的满分值就小于100分了，称之为“实际满分”。即： 实际满分＝理论满分(100分)-∑不参评条文的分值＝∑参评条文的分值 评分时，每类指标的得分：Q1-7=(实际得分值/实际满分)×100分。例如：Q2= (72/80)×100＝90分，其中，72为参评建筑的实际得分值，80为该参评建筑实际可能达到的满分值。 对此，计算参评建筑某类指标评分项的实际得分值与适用于参评建筑的评分项总分值的比率，反映参评建筑实际采用的“绿色措施”和(或)效果占该建筑理论土可以采用的全部“绿色措施”和(或)效果的相对得分率。得分率再乘以100分则是一种“规一化”的处理，将得分率统一还原成分数。 对某一栋具体的参评建筑，某一条条文或其款(项)是否参评，可根据标准条文、条文说明、本细则的补充说明进行判定。对某些标准条文、条文说明、本细则的补充说明均未明示的特定情况，某－条条文或其款(项)是否参评，可根据实际情况进行判定。 3.2.6加分项的附加得分Q8按本标准第11章的有关规定确定。 【说明】 本标准第11章第2节对建筑性能提高和创新进行评价，第1节对加分项的评分规则作了规定。 加分项的附加得分Q8的确定方式与评价指标体系7类指标得分Q1-7不同。加分项评定时，对参评建筑不适用的条文直接按不得分处理。 3.2.7绿色建筑评价的总得分按下式进行计算，其中评价指标体系7类指标评分项的权重w1～w7按表3.2.7取值。 ∑Q=w1Q1+w2Q2+w3Q3+w4Q4+w5Q5+w6Q6+w7Q7+Q8 (3.2.7) 表3.2.7 绿色建筑各类评价指标的权重 节地与 室外环境 w1 节能与 能源利用 w2 节水与水 资源利用 w3 节材与材 料资源利用 w4 室内环 境质量 w5 施工 管理 w6 运营 管理 w7 设计 居住建筑 0.21 0.24 0.20 0.17 0.18 —— —— 评价 公共建筑 0.16 0.28 0.18 0.19 0.19 —— —— 运行 居住建筑 0.17 0.19 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.10 0.10 评价 公共建筑 0.13 0.23 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 注：1表中“——”表示施工管理和运营管理两类指标不参与设计评价。 2对于同时具有居住和公共功能的单体建筑，各类评价指标权重取为居住建筑和公共建筑所对应权重的平均值。 【说明】 本条对各类指标在绿色建筑评价中的权重作出规定。表3.2.7中给出了设计评价、运行评价时居住建筑、公共建筑的分项指标权重。施工管理和运营管理两类指标不参与设计评价。各类指标的权重经广泛征求意见和试评价后综合调整确定。 需要补充说明的是，当建筑群项目中居住建筑和公共建筑的面积差距悬殊时(例如包含少量配套公建的大片住宅区)，则应按总面积中占绝对多数比例的建筑类型来选取权重。 3.2.8绿色建筑分为一星级、二星级、三星级3个等级。3个等级的绿色建筑均应满足本标准所有控制项的要求，且每类指标的评分项得分不应小于40分。 当绿色建筑总得分分别达到50分、60分、80分时，绿色建筑等级分别为一星级、二星级、三星级。 【说明】 《标准》不仅要求各个等级的绿色建筑均应满足所有控制项的要求，而且要求每类指标的评分项得分不小于40分。对于一、二、三星级绿色建筑，总得分要求分别为50分、60分、80分。这是从国家开展绿色建筑行动的大政方针出发，综合考虑评价条文技术实施难度、绿色建筑将得到全面推进、高星级绿色建筑项目财政激励等因素，经充分讨论、反复论证后的结果。 本标准2006年版以达标的条文数量为确定星级的依据，本《标准》则以总得分为确定星级的依据。就修订前后两版标准星级达标的难易程度，对两轮试评的70余个项目的得分情况进行分析得出的结论是：一、二星级难度基本相当或稍有提高，三星级难度提高较为明显。之所以规定三星级达标分为80分，适当提高难度，主要是希望国家的财政补贴主要用在提高建筑的“绿色度”上，而非减少开发商的实际支出：另外，适当提高三星级的达标难度也有助于推动我国绿色建筑向着更高的水平发展。 在确定所有控制项(设计评价不含施工管理和运营管理部分)的评定结果均为满足的前提之下，分值计算及分级步骤如下： 1、分别计算各类指标中适用于项目的评分项总分值和实际得分值。某类指标中适用于特定项目的评分项总分值，有可能就是100分：更有可能在扣除一些不参评条文的分数后，小于100分。而该项目的评分项实际得分值，必然是小于或等于该类指标适用于本项目的评分项总分值。各类指标的评分项总分值和实际得分值均为不大于100分的自然数。 2、分别计算各类指标评分项得分Qi(不含加分项附加得分Q8)。分别将各类指标的评分项实际得分值除以该类的评分项总分值再乘以100分，计算得到该类指标评分项得分4。对于各类指标评分项得分Qi，进行四舍五入后保留精度为小数点后一位。 3、判断各类指标评分项得分Qi(不含加分项附加得分Q8)是否达到40分。如不满足要求，则不必继续后续步骤。对于设计评价，不计算、判断施工管理和运营管理两部分的评分项得分Q6和Q7。 4、计算加分项附加得分Q8。需要注意的是，不再考虑不参评情况。而且，根据《标准》第11.1.2条，当Q8超过10分时也取为10分。因此，Q8是一个不大于10分的自然数。 5、选取评分项权重值wi，计算绿色建筑评价总得分∑Q。按照项目评价阶段和建筑类型，查《标准》表3.2.7确定评分项权重值矶。对于同时具有居住和公共功能的单体建筑，权重值取值按《标准》表3.2.7注2计算。再将分别计算得到的各类指标评分项得分Qi，及对应的权重值wi，按《标准》式3.2.7计算得到绿色建筑评价总得分∑Q。对∑Q的小数部分进行四舍五入，简化为一个自然数。如∑G没有达到50分，则不必继续后续步骤。 6、确定绿色建筑等级。根据∑G，对照《标准》第3.2.8条所列50分、60分、80分的要求，确定项目一星级、二星级、三星级的绿色建筑等级。 3.2.9对多功能的综合性单体建筑，应按本标准全部评价条文逐条对适用的区域进行评价，确定各评价条文的得分。 【说明】 不论建筑功能是否综合，均以各个条/款为基本评判单元。对于某一条文，只要建筑中有相关区域涉及，则该建筑就参评并确定得分。在《标准》的具体条文及其说明中，有的已说明混合功能建筑的得分取多种功能分别评价结果的平均值；有的则已说明按各种功能用水量的权重，采用加权法调整计算非传统水源利用率的要求：等等。还有一些条文，下设两款分别针对居住建筑和公共建筑的(即本标准第3.2.3条条文说明中所指的第3种情况)，所评价建筑如同时具有居住和公共功能，则需按这两种功能分别评价后再取平均值。需要强调的是，建筑整体的等级仍按本《标准》的规定确定。 以商住楼、城市综合体为代表的多功能综合建筑的评价，是近些年绿色建筑评价工作中频频遇到的问题，也是标准修订工作力图解决的重要内容。首先，明确了评价对象应为建筑单体或建筑群的前提，规定了多功能综合建筑也要整体参评(运行评价有所例外，参见本细则对第3.1.2条的说明)，避免了此前个别绿色建筑标识项目为“半拉楼”、“拦腰斩”的情况。 在其具体评价和分级问题上，基于前期调研成果，曾考虑过2种备选方案：一是“先对其中功能独立的各部分区域分别评价，并取其中较低或最低的评价等级作为建筑整体的评价等级”(参见建办科[2012]47号文《住房城乡建设部办公厅关于加强绿色建筑评价标识管理和备案工作的通知》)：二是“先对其中功能独立的各部分区域分别评价，然后按各部分的总得分经面积加权计算建筑整体的总得分，最后依建筑整体的总得分确定建筑整体的评价等级”。两个方案相比较，前一方案过于严格，后一方案过于繁琐。权衡利弊，考虑到标准绝大多数条文均适用于民用建筑各主要类型，《标准》最终给出了另一种方案：不论建筑功能是否综合，均以各个条/款为基本评判单元。如此，既科学合理，又避免了重复工作，而且保持了评价方法的一致性。 总体处理原则按照优先权级，分别是：原则之一，只要有涉及即全部参评。以商住楼为例，虽只有底商的一、二层适用于第5.2.4条(冷热源机组能效)，面积比例很小，但仍要参评，并作为整栋建筑的得分(而不接面积折算)。 原则之二，系统性、整体性指标应总体评价。参见第3.1.1条规定。 原则之三，所有部分均满足要求才给分(允许部分不参评，但不允许部分不达标)。以 第5.2.5条输配系统能效为例，如果建筑内设有3个输配系统，只有所有系统能效均满足要求才给分(2个满足而1个不满足也不给分)。更严格的是第10.2.8条智能化系统，商住楼只有住宅、商场均满足要求，才能得到第1款的6分。 原则之四，就低不就高。在原则之三的基础上，如遇递进式的分档分值，如条文及说明没有特别交待的情况下，适用本条原则。以第8.2.6条采光系数为例，如果商住楼中的居住建筑部分可得满分8分，但公共建筑部分(商场)得分4分，则该条最终得分为4分。 原则之五，特殊情况特殊处理。此类特殊情况，如已在《标准》条文、条文说明或本细则中明示的，应遵照执行。如，个别条文评价还需加权计算总指标，这些条文一般都属于对于多个功能区分设指标要求，而且指标要求还分档的情况，例如第6.2.10条非传统水源利用率。对某些标准条文、条文说明、本细则的补充说明均未明示的特定情况，可根据实际情况进行判定。 4节地与室外环境 4.1控制项 4.1.1项目选址应符合所在地城乡规划，且应符合各类保护区、文物古迹保护的建设控制要求。 【条文说明扩展】 《基本农田保护条例》(国务院令第257号)规定： 第二条 ……本条例所称基本农田保护区，是指为对基本农田实行特殊保护而依据土地利用总体规划和依照法定程序确定的特定保护区域。 第十七 条禁止任何单位和个人在基本农田保护区内建窑、建房、建坟、挖砂、采石、采矿、取士、堆放固体废弃物或者进行其他破坏基本农田的活动。 《风景名胜区条例》(国务院令第474号)规定： 第二条……本条例所称风景名胜区，是指具有观赏、文化或者科学价值，自然景观、人文景观比较集中，环境优美，可供人们游览或者进行科学、文化活动的区域。 第二十七条 禁止违反风景名胜区规划，在风景名胜区内设立各类开发区和在核心景区内建设宾馆、招待所、培训中心、疗养院以及与风景名胜资源保护无关的其他建筑物；已经建设的，应当按照风景名胜区规划，逐步迁出。 第三十条 风景名胜区内的建设项目应当符合风景名胜区规划，并与景观相协调，不得破坏6景观、污染环境、妨碍游览。 《自然保护区条例》(国务院令第167号)规定： 第二条 本条例所称自然保护区，是指对有代表性的自然生态系统、珍稀濒危野生动植物物种的天然集中分布区、有特殊意义的自然遗迹等保护对象所在的陆地、陆地水体或者海域，依法划出一定面积予以特殊保护和管理的区域。 第三十二条 在自然保护区的核心区和缓冲区内，不得建设任何生产设施。在自然保护区的实验区内，不得建设污染环境、破坏资源或者景观的生产设施：建设其他项目，其污染物排放不得超过国家和地方规定的污染物排放标准。在自然保护区的实验区内已经建成的设施，其污染物排放超过国家和地方规定的排放标准的，应当限期治理；造成损害的，必须采取补救措施。 在自然保护区的外固保护地带建设的项目，不得损害自然保护区内的环境质量：已造成损害的，应当限期治理。 《历史文化名城名镇名村保护条例》(国务院令第524号)规定： 第三条 历史文化名城、名镇、名村的保护应当遵循科学规划、严格保护的原则，保持和延续其传统格局和历史风貌，维护历史文化遗产的真实性和完整性，继承和弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化，正确处理经济社会发展和历史文化遗产保护的关系。 第二十三条 在历史文化名城、名镇、名村保护范围内从事建设活动，应当符合保护规划的要求，不得损害历史文化遗产的真实性和完整性，不得对其传统格局和历史风貌构成破坏性影响。 第二十六条 历史文化街区、名镇、名村建设控制地带内的新建建筑物、构筑物，应当符合保护规划确定的建设控制要求。 第四十七条……历史建筑，是指经城市、县人民政府确定公布的具有一定保护价值，能够反映历史风貌和地方特色，未公布为文物保护单位，也未登记为不可移动文物的建筑物、构筑物。 历史文化街区，是指经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府核定公布的保存文物特别丰富、历史建筑集中成片、能够较完整和真实地体现传统格局和历史风貌，并具有一定规模的区域。 《城市紫线管理办法》(建设部令第119号)规定： 第二条 本办法所称城市紫线，是指国家历史文化名城内的历史文化街区和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府公布的历史文化街区的保护范围界线，以及历史文化街区外经县级以上人民政府公布保护的历史建筑的保护范围界线。 第十三条 在城市紫线范围内禁止进行下列活动： (一)违反保护规划的大面积拆除、开发： (二)对历史文化街区传统格局和风貌构成影响的大面积改建； (三)损坏或者拆毁保护规划确定保护的建筑物、构筑物和其他设施； (四)修建破坏历史文化街区传统风貌的建筑物、构筑物和其他设施： (五)占用或者破坏保护规划确定保留的园林绿地、河湖水系、道路和古树名木等： (六)其他对历史文化街区和历史建筑的保护构成破坏性影响的活动。 第十四条 在城市紫线范围内确定各类建设项目，必须先由市、县人民政府城乡规划行政主管部门依据保护规划进行审查，组织专家论证并进行公示后核发选址意见书。 【具体评价方式】 本条适用于各类民用建筑的设计、运行评价。 设计评价审核项目上层规划文件、区位图、场地地形图。不涉及保护区或文物古迹的一般项目，只要符合所在地城乡规划的要求即为达标，应提供城市(镇)总体规划或控制性详细规划的相关图纸及文件(如总体规划的“土地利用规划图”或控制性详细规划涉及建设项目的规划图则，或项目用地规划许可证及其附带的规划设计条件)。涉及保护区或文物古迹的，需提供当地城乡规划、国士、文化、园林、旅游或相关保护区等有关行政管理部门提供的法定规划文件或出具的证明文件，据此判断是否达标。如涉及风景名胜区的项目，应提供已批复的风景名胜区总体规划及详细规划的有关图纸及文件：涉及历史文化名城或历史文化街区的项目，应提供已批复的历史文化名城保护规划的有关图纸及文件：涉及文物保护单位的项目，应由所在地文物行政主管部门出具有关文件，明确该文物保护单位的保护要求。 运行评价在设计评价方法之外还应现场核查。 4.1.2场地应无洪涝、滑坡、泥石流等自然灾害的威胁，无危险化学品、易燃易爆危险源的威胁，无电磁辐射、含氧土壤等危害。 【条文说明扩展】 《防洪标准》GB50201-2014规定： 3.0.2各类防护对象的防洪标准应根据经济、政治、社会、环境等因素对防洪安全的要求，统筹协调局部与整体、近期与长远及上下游、左右岸、干支流的关系，通过综合分析论证确定。有条件时，宜进行不同防洪标准所可能减免的洪灾经济损失与所需的防洪费用的对比分析。 《城市防洪工程设计规范》GB/150805-2012规定： 1.0.3城市防洪工程建设，应以所在江河防洪规划、区域防洪规划、城市总体规划和城市防洪规划为依据，全面规划、统筹兼顾，工程措施与非工程措施相结合，综合治理。 《城市抗震防灾规划标准》GB504132007规定： 1.0.3城市抗震防灾规划应贯彻“预防为主，防、抗、避、救相结合”的方针，根据城市的抗震防灾需要，以人为本，平灾结合、因地制宜、突出重点、统筹规划。 《电磁环境控制限值》GB8702-2014规定了电磁环境中控制公众曝露的电场、磁场、电磁场(1Hz～300GHz)的场量限值、评价方法和相关设施(设备)的豁免范围。 《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》GB50325-2010规定： 4.1.1新建、扩建的民用建筑工程设计前，应进行建筑工程所在城市区域土壤中氨浓度或土壤表面氨析出率调查，并提交相应的调查报告。未进行区域土壤中氨浓度或土壤表面氨析出率测定的，应进行建筑场地土壤中氧浓度或土壤氨析出率测定，并提供相应的检测报告。 场地土壤曾经受到过污染或存在有毒有害物质(例如，曾经是《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》GB50137规定的二、三类工业用地)，应采取有效措施全面进行无害化处理，确保符合有关安全标准。 【具体评价方式】 本条适用于各类民用建筑的设计、运行评价。设计评价查阅项目区位图、场地地形图。涉及地质灾害多发区或严重的地段，应提供地质灾害危险性评估报告(应包含场地稳定性及场地工程建设适应性评定内容)：可能涉及污染源、电磁辐射、含氧土壤危害的，应提供相关检测报告或论证报告。核查相关污染源、危险源的防护距离或治理措施的合理性。核查项目防洪工程设计是否满足所在地防洪标准要求。核查项目是否符合城市抗震防灾的有关要求。 运行评价在设计评价方法之外还应现场核查应对措施的落实情况及其有效性。 4.1.3场地内不应有排放超标的污染源。 【条文说明扩展】 绿色建筑选址应远离各项污染源，如项目周边有污染源，应采取措施进行消除与避让，且项目建成后各项污染物不超标排放。这些标准包括但不限于：《大气污染物综合排放标准》GB16297、《饮食业油烟排放标准》GB18483、《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》GB13271、《社会生活环境噪声排放标准》GB22337、《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》GB18485、《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》GB16889。 需要说明的是，虽然《环境空气质量标准》GB3095广受关注，但考虑到环境空气质量可能在一个大尺度区域内趋同，远非选址所能避免，故不以此对所有建筑作统一要求。 【具体评价方式】 本条适用于各类民用建筑的设计、运行评价。设计评价查阅环评报告，审核应对措施的合理性，及其在设计图纸上的落实情况。运行评价在设计评价方法之外还应现场核实，并核查污染防治措施落实情况及其有效性。 4.1.4建筑规划布局应满足日照标准，且不得降低周边建筑的日照标准。 【条文说明扩展】 我国对住宅、宿舍、托儿所、幼儿园、中小学校等建筑都制定了日照标准要求，在规划、设计时应遵照执行。对没有相应标准要求的，符合城乡规划的要求即为达标。 《民用建筑设计通则》GB 50352-2005规定： 5.1.3建筑日照标准应符合下列要求： 1每套住宅至少应有一个居住空间获得日照，该日照标准应符合现行国家标准《城市居住区规划设计规范》GB50180有关规定： 2宿舍半数以上的居室，应能获得同住宅居住空间相等的日照标准： 3托儿所、幼儿园的主要生活用房，应能获得冬至日不小3h的日照标准； 4老年人住宅、残疾人住宅的卧室、起居室，医院、疗养院半数以上的病房和疗养室，中小学半数以上的教室应能获得冬至日不小于岛的日照标准。 《城市居住区规划设计规范》GB50180-93(2002版)规定： 5.0.2.1住宅日照标准应符合表5.0.2-1的规定，对于特定情况还应符合下列规定： (1)老年人居住建筑不应低于冬至日日照2小时的标准： (2)在原设计建筑外增加设施不应使相邻住宅原有日照标准降低： (3)旧区改建的项目内新建住宅日照标准可酌情降低，但不应低于大寒日日照1小时的标准。 |
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