GB/T 25849-2024 Mobile elevating work platforms — Design, calculations, safety requirements and test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies safety requirements and preventive measures, and the means for their verification, for all types and sizes of mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) intended for moving persons and their necessary materials and tools to working positions and for conducting operations on the work platform.
It gives the structural design calculations and stability criteria, construction, safety examinations and security tests to be applied before a MEWP is first put into service, identifies the hazards arising from the use of MEWPs and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of those hazards.
This document is not applicable to:
a) permanently installed personnel-lifting appliances serving defined levels (see GB/T 7588.1, GB/T 21240);
b) fire-fighting and fire rescue appliances (see EN 1777);
c) unguided work cages suspended from lifting appliances (see GB/T 19154 and GB/T 19155);
d) elevating operator position on rail-dependent storage and retrieval equipment (see EN 528);
e) tail lifts (see GB/T 37706);
f) mast-climbing work platforms (see GB/T 27547);
g) fairground equipment;
h) lifting tables with a lifting height of less than 2m (see EN 1570-1);
i) builder's hoists for persons and materials;
j) aircraft ground-support equipment (see EN 1915 and EN 12312);
k) digger derricks (see JB/T 12482);
l) elevating operator positions on industrial trucks (see GB/T 10827.3);
m) under-bridge inspection and maintenance devices;
n) certain requirements for insulating aerial devices on a chassis for use in live work on electrical installations.
This document does not cover hazards arising from:
——use in potentially explosive atmospheres;
——use of compressed gases for load-bearing components;
——work on live electrical systems.
Note 1: Hazards arising from work on live electrical systems are addressed in GB/T 9465. MEWPs equipped with certain non-conductive (insulating) components can provide some protection from hazards associated with inadvertent contact with such systems (see GB/T 30032.2).
Note 2: For MEWPs that employ aerial devices used for live working, this International Standard will need to be used in conjunction with GB/T 9465, taking into consideration the potential exceptions from this International Standard that are specified in GB/T 9465.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2423.56 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance (GB/T 2423.56-2018, IEC 60068-2-64:2008, IDT)
GB/T 2893 (all parts) Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs
Note: GB/T 2893.1-2013 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings (ISO 3864-1:2011, MOD);
GB/T 2893.2-2020 Graphical symbols - safety colours and safety signs - Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels (ISO 3864-2:2016, MOD);
GB/T 2893.3-2010 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 3: Design principles for graphical symbols for use in safety signs (ISO 3864-3:2006, MOD)
GB/T 2893.4-2013 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials (ISO 3864-4:2011, MOD);
GB/T 2893.5-2020 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 5: Principles and requirements for the use of safety signs
GB/T 4208 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (GB/T 4208-2017, IEC 60529: 2013, IDT)
GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements (GB/T 5226.1-2019, IEC 60204-1:2016, IDT)
GB/T 5226.32-2017 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008, IDT)
GB/T 12265 Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body (GB/T 12265-2021, ISO 13854:2017, IDT)
GB/T 14048.5 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching element - Electromechanical control circuit devices (GB/T 14048.5-2017, IEC 60947-5-1:2016, MOD)
GB/T 16754 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (GB/T 16754-2021; ISO 13850:2015, IDT)
GB/T 16855.1-2018 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015, IDT)
GB/T 19924 Mobile cranes - Determination of stability (GB/T 19924-2021, ISO 4305:2014, IDT)
GB/T 25078.1 Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment - Part 1: Planning (GB/T 25078.1-2010; ISO/TR 11688-1:1995, IDT)
GB/T 27548 Mobile elevating work platforms - Safety principles, inspection, maintenance and operation (GB/T 27548-2011, ISO 18893:2004, IDT)
GB/T 30032.2 Mobile elevating work platforms - Design, calculations, safety requirements and test methods relative to special features - Part 2: MEWPs with non-conductive (insulating) components (GB/T 30032.2-2013, ISO 16653-2:2009, MOD)
GB/T 33081 Mobile elevating work platforms - Symbols for operator controls and other displays (GB/T 33081-2016, ISO 20381:2009, IDT)
GB/T 43601 Mobile elevating work platforms - Operators controls - Actuation, displacement, location and method of operation (ISO 21455:2020, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 27548 and the following apply.
3.1
access position
normal position which provides access to and from the work platform (3.40)
Note: The access position, lowered travel position (3.18), stowed position (3.34) and transport position (3.35) can be identical.
3.2
aerial device
any device, extensible, articulating or both, which is primarily designed and used to position personnel
Note: This does not include the chassis (3.5). When an aerial device is mounted on a mobile chassis it becomes a component of a MEWP (3.19). The device can also be used to handle material, if designed and equipped for that purpose.
3.3
wireless control
means by which an operator's commands are transmitted without any physical connection for at least part of the distance between the control console and the MEWP (3.19)
3.4
chain-drive system
system that comprises one or more chains running on chain sprockets and on or over chain pulleys, as well as any associated chain sprockets, chain pulleys and compensating pulleys
3.5
chassis
base of a MEWP that is separate from the extension structure and the working platform and is connected to the extension structure
Note 1: See Figure 1.
Note 2: The chassis can be pulled, pushed, self-propelled, etc.
3.6
ductile material
material that has a minimum elongation before failure of 10% under the condition that the gauge length of the standard tensile test sample is 51mm
3.7
elevated travel position
configuration of the MEWP (3.19) for travel outside of the lowered travel position (3.18)
3.8
extending structure
structure connected to the chassis (3.5) that supports the work platform (3.40) and allows the work platform's movement to the required position
Note 1: See Figure 1.
Note 2: It can, for example, be a single, telescoping or articulating boom or ladder, a scissor mechanism or any combination of these, and might or might not slew on the base.
3.9
fall arrest system
Foreword IV
Introduction VIII
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 Compliance
4.2 Structural and stability calculations
4.3 Chassis and stabilizers
4.4 Extending structure
4.5 Extending structure drive systems
4.6 Work platform
4.7 Controls
4.8 Electrical equipment
4.9 Hydraulic systems
4.10 Hydraulic cylinders
4.11 Safety devices
5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 Examinations and tests
5.2 Type tests
5.3 Pre-market release tests
6 Information for use
6.1 General
6.2 Instruction handbook
6.3 Marking
Annex A (Informative) Use of MEWPs in wind speeds greater than 12.5 m/s — Beaufort Scale 6
Annex B (Informative) Example of marking
B.1 Lanyard anchorage point marking
B.2 Auxiliary system position marking
Annex C (Normative) Calculation of wire-rope drive systems
C.1 General
C.2 Calculation of wire-rope drive systems
C.3 Calculation of minimum rope diameters
C.4 Calculation of diameters of rope drums, rope pulleys and compensating pulleys
C.5 Efficiency of wire-rope drive systems
Annex D (Informative) Calculation example - Wire-rope drive systems
D.1 Method
D.2 Calculation of diameters of rope drums, pulleys and static pulleys
Annex E (Informative) Kerb test calculations
E.1 General
E.2 Derivation of factor z
Annex F (Normative) Instruction handbook
F.1 General
F.2 Operating instructions
Annex G (Normative) Additional requirements for cableless controls and control systems
G.1 General
G.2 Control limitation
G.3 Stop
G.4 Serial data communication
G.5 Use of more than one operator control station
G.6 Battery-powered operator control stations
G.7 Receiver
G.8 Warnings
G.9 Information for use
Annex H (Informative) List of significant hazards
Annex I (Informative) Comparison of clause/subclause numbers between this document and ISO 16368: 2010
Annex J (Informative) Technical differences between this document and ISO 16368: 2010 and their justifications
Bibliography
Figure 1 Illustration of key terms (continued)
Figure 2 Rated load — Person
Figure 3 Examples of maximum overturning load and force moment combination
Figure 4 Load spectrum factor
Figure 5 Maximum braking distance for type 2 and type 3 MEWPs
Figure 6 Cylinder pressures under normal operation - Cylinder in compression
Figure 7 Cylinder pressures under normal operation - Cylinder in tension
Figure 8 Cylinder pressures at seal failure
Figure 9 Twin cylinders under compression in normal operation
Figure 10 Twin cylinders under compression, one line blocked
Figure 11 Fall arrest anchorage test
Figure 12 Static test
Figure 13 Dynamic tests on types 2 and 3 MEWPs
Figure 14 Dynamic test on types 2 and 3 MEWPs with load locations
Figure 15 Overload test
Figure 16 Standard example of levelling
Figure B.1 Marking example for region-restricted lanyard anchorage points only
Figure B.2 Marking example for region-restricted lanyard anchorage points and fall arrest anchorage points
Figure B.3 Marking example for lanyard anchorage points with maximum number of persons
Figure B.4 Marking example for auxiliary system position
Figure C.1 Angle of deflection
Figure C.2 Deflection in same/opposite direction
Figure C.3 Pulley blocks
Figure D.1 Case 1
Figure D.2 Case 2
Figure D.3 Determination of number of alternating bending stresses in individual wire ropes for determination of pulley and drum diameters for extending structure retracted/extended (see Table D.3)
Figure E.1 MEWP in front of obstacle
Figure E.2 MEWP at obstacle
Figure E.3 Potential energy
Figure E.4 Factor z
Table 1 Examples of load and force directions and combinations for stability calculations [see also Figure 3 a) to d)]
Table 2 Control devices
Table C.1 Drive groups according to running-time categories
Table C.2 Coefficients c for wire ropes which are not non-twisting
Table C.3 Coefficients, h₁
Table C.4 Coefficients, h₂
Table C.5 Efficiency of pulley blocks
Table D.1 Working coefficients
Table D.2 Ratio Dmin/dmin
Table D.3 Number ω
Table H.1 List of significant hazards
Table I.1 Comparison of clause/subclause numbers between this document and ISO 16368: 2010
Table J.1 Technical differences between this document and ISO 16368: 2010 and their justifications
