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Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative. This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 18159-2008 Specifications of amusement rides coaster category. In addition to editorial changes, the following main technical changes have been made with respect to GB/T 18159-2008: ——The scope is modified; ——The requirements of error of running speed are added. ——The calculation requirements of connecting bolt are added; ——The valuing requirements of design load are modified; ——The impact coefficient is modified; ——The material requirements are added; ——The deformation amount requirements of pillar and rail are added; ——The requirements of redundancy safety structure of vehicle coupling are added; ——The requirements of shock absorption measures of wheel set are added; ——The requirements of vehicle safety envelope line are added; ——The requirements of impact coefficient of transmission system are added; ——The requirements of main connection forms are added; ——The safety coefficients of traction steel wire rope and traction chain are modified; ——The requirements of electrical safety functions and their demand levels are added; ——The painting requirements are added; ——The test of anti-rolling-back is added; ——The speed testing is added; ——The acceleration testing is added; ——The deformation testing of pillar and rail is added; ——The interval interlock testing is added; ——The safe-lever interlock testing is added; ——The clause “Accompanying documents, marking, packaging, transport and storage” is added. ——Annex A of Edition 2008 is modified. This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Ropeway and Entertainment Facilities of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 250). The previous editions of this standard are as follows: GB 18159-2000 and GB/T 18159-2008. Specifications of amusement rides coaster category 1 Scope This standard specifies the general principles, technical requirements, requirements for inspection, testing and test, accompanying documents, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of amusement rides of coaster category. It is applicable to amusement rides of coaster category. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial marking for handling of goods GB/T 755-2008 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance GB/T 1032 Test procedures for three-phase induction motors GB/T 1447 Fiber-reinforced plastics composites - Determination of tensile properties GB/T 1449 Fibre-reinforced plastic composites - Determination of flexural properties GB/T 1451 Fiber-reinforced plastics composites - Determination of charpy impact properties GB/T 3805-2008 Extra-low voltage (ELV) - Limit values GB 4706.1 Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements GB 8408-2018 Large-scale amusement device safety code GB/T 8923 (All parts) Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Visual assessment of surface cleanliness GB/T 9286-1998 Paints and varnishes - Cross cut test for films GB/T 10000 Human dimensions of Chinese adults GB/T 13384 General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical product GB/T 13912 Metallic coatings - Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles - Specifications and test methods GB/T 15706 Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction GB/T 16754 Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design GB/T 16855.1 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design GB/T 19212.1 Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and combinations thereof - Part 1: General requirements and tests GB/T 20306 Amusement devices terminology GB/T 20438 (All parts) Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems GB/T 28265-2012 Safeguard specifications of amusement rides GB/T 34370 (All Parts) Nondestructive testing of amusement equipment GB/T 34371 Risk assessment for amusement ride - General principles GB 50005 Code for design of timber structures GB 50017 Standard for design of steel structures GB/T 50065 Code for design of ac electrical installations earthing GB 50202 Code for acceptance of construction quality of building foundation GB 50204 Code for acceptance of constructional quality of concrete structures GB 50206 Code for acceptance of construction quality of timber structures GB 50231 General code for construction and acceptance of mechanical equipment installation engineering 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 20306 and the following apply. 3.1 single train roller coaster series amusement rides of coaster category whose design running condition is that only a single train or a set of trains run(s) on the same rail 3.2 multi train roller coaster series amusement rides of coaster category whose design running condition is that two or more trains or sets of trains run on the same rail 3.3 splash amusement rides of coaster category whose rider device slides into the water (water channel) along the rail by virtue of inertia and is decelerated by the water resistance, runs along the water channel and pushed by the water flow 3.4 powered U-shape roller coaster series amusement rides of coaster category reciprocating back and forth along the rail during running, whose rider device is driven by driving devices and inertia during running with the vehicle body equipped with driving devices and only one roller coaster for each rail 3.5 wooden roller coaster amusement rides of coaster category with supporting structure mainly composed of wood materials 3.6 launch coaster amusement rides of coaster category that enables rider devices to acquire large initial kinetic energy in a short time by external power drive Note: The driving devices of the launch coaster are generally linear motors, pneumatic devices, hydraulic devices, flywheel energy storage devices and other equipment. 3.7 non-continuous rail roller coaster amusement rides of coaster category whose vehicle body normally runs on the rail through local movement, rotation (turning) and other actions of the rail during running after the rider device leaves the platform and maintenance zone 3.8 coaster zipline amusement rides of coaster category with main rider tie-down safety device adopting “suspension load bearing” structural form and roller coaster adopting pulley in contact with rigid rail and sliding along rigid rail from a high place by virtue of height difference 3.9 fail-safe if the equipment fails, its control system or mechanical mechanism can maintain the safe state or change to the safe state to avoid the occurrence of severe faults or accidents 3.10 wheel set road wheels, guide wheels, up wheels, connected wheels, shafts and other relevant stressed structural members that supporting the vehicle body 3.11 single point of failure a part, a structural connection point or an electrical element on the amusement ride, of which the failure will lead to failure of the entire equipment or endanger the safety of riders 4 General principles 4.1 The design, manufacture, installation, reconstruction, repair, test and inspection, as well as marking, packaging, transportation and storage for amusement rides of coaster category shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 8408 and of this standard. 4.2 The common types and main technical parameters for amusement rides of coaster category should be selected according to Table 1. Table 1 Common types and main technical parameters S.N. Type name Main technical parameters Typical equipment 1 Single train roller coaster series Number of riders, running speed, rail height, number of vehicle/train and acceleration Three-ring roller coaster 2 Multi train roller coaster series Number of riders/ each train, running speed, rail height, number of vehicles/each train and acceleration Mad mouse 3 Splash Number of riders / each boat, running speed, rail height, number of boat and acceleration Splash 4 Powered U-shape roller coaster series Number of riders / each cabin, running speed, rail height, number of cabins and acceleration Powered U-shape roller coaster 5 Coaster zipline Number of riders / each vehicle, running speed, rail length and acceleration Zipline 6 Other types of roller coasters Number of riders / each vehicle, running speed, rail height, number of vehicle and acceleration Shenzhou flying saucer 5 Technical requirements 5.1 Basic requirements 5.1.1 The design documents for amusement rides of coaster category shall at least include design specifications, design calculation, operation and maintenance instructions, risk assessment reports, design verification outline and a complete set of design drawings conforming to relevant national standards. 5.1.2 The design of amusement rides of coaster category shall meet the requirements of GB/T 15706. 5.1.3 Risk assessment shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 34371 during the design phase of amusement rides of coaster category. The assessment shall also be carried out for amusement rides of coaster category that need to be reconstructed and that continue to be used after the service life of the whole machine expires. Risk assessment shall be carried out from the aspects such as stressed structure and stressed parts and components, electrical control system and components, running environment of equipment, obstacles around equipment, human factors, accident factors and emergency rescue, and single point of failure shall be identified. Critical parts and components and safety functions of the equipment shall be identified through risk assessment, and failure modes and impact analysis shall be carried out on parts and components such as vehicle body, brake, rail, drive, anti-rolling-back, rider tie-down safety device and wheel set one by one. In the design phase, unacceptable risks shall be avoided and there shall be free of single point of failure that cannot be tested or monitored. 5.1.4 The adult load of amusement rides of coaster category shall not be less than 750N. 5.1.5 The strength and rigidity of the vehicle body shall be checked under normal working conditions under full load, and the impact coefficient k1 shall be selected according to Table 2 according to the maximum speed of the roller coaster. Table 2 Impact coefficient Speed/(km/h) Impact coefficient k1 ≥40 ≥1.5 ≥20 ≥1.25 ≥7.2 ≥1.2 <7.2 ≥1 5.1.6 The load combination shall be selected according to the actual working conditions of amusement rides of coaster category. The following working conditions shall be included: lifting, anti-rolling-back, braking and working conditions with maximum accelerations in X, Y and Z directions. 5.1.7 Dynamics calculation shall be carried out for the design of amusement rides of coaster category, and the speed and acceleration borne by riders shall be calculated, and the values shall meet the requirements. 5.1.8 For amusement rides of coaster category, the speed and acceleration curves shall be plotted or the speed and acceleration values (refer to human body coordinate system) shall be indicated on the expanded view of the rail. 5.1.9 Corresponding design checks such as strength check, rigidity check and fatigue strength check for the design of amusement rides of coaster category shall be carried out according to specific structure and actual working conditions. 5.1.10 Critical shafts and welds of roller coaster category shall be subjected to strength and fatigue strength check and both shall meet the requirements of safety coefficient. For critical shaft difficult to inspect and test shall be designed according to infinite life. 5.1.11 The steel structural members and their connections shall meet the requirements of “design index” specified in GB 50017. 5.1.12 Structure design of rail and support shall meet the requirements of GB 50017; if timber structures are adopted, the requirements of GB 50005 shall also be met. The construction quality of timber structure shall meet the requirements of GB 50206. 5.1.13 As for the roller coaster whose rail height is greater than 20m, the combination of maximum wind load and earthquake load shall be calculated for the rail and support separately. 5.1.14 The rated lifting speed designed for the amusement rides of coaster category should be no more than 2m/s. For the equipment with lifting speed greater than 2m/s, effective measures shall be taken to avoid the impact generated during lifting. 5.1.15 Under normal running, the service life of each easily-worn part shall not be less than 6 months. 5.1.16 Under normal running conditions, the maximum allowable deformation of the rail and support of roller coaster with a speed less than 50km/h is 1/300, and the maximum allowable deformation of the rail between two supports is 1/300 (excluding the support deformation); under normal running conditions, the maximum allowable deformation of the rail and support of roller coaster with a speed greater than or equal to 50km/h is 1/500, and the maximum allowable deformation of the rail between the two supports is 1/500 (excluding the support deformation). 5.1.17 For redundant safety structure of vehicle coupling, the impact coefficient shall not be less than 2, and its safety coefficient shall not be less than 2. 5.1.18 The uniformly distributed load in the personnel activity zone shall be taken as follows: a) common zones for riders such as rider boarding/alighting platforms, stairs, entrances and exits: 3.5kN/m2; b) maintenance platform, evacuation platform and other non-open zones: 1.5kN/m2. 5.1.19 For amusement rides of coaster category, if circular tubes are used for the steel rails of roller coaster, the wall thickness of rail shall not be less than 4mm. When welded pipe is used for the rail, the elongation at break of the material shall be more than 40% and the rail shall be free from cracking defect after molding. 5.1.20 The designed rail shall be smooth and shall not cause excessive impact when the vehicle is running. 5.1.21 Normally closed brake should be adopted for the brake system, and sufficient brake allowance shall be reserved. The most unfavorable braking condition shall be considered in calculation. The braking acceleration shall be smoothly transited to prevent impact, and the maximum acceleration in the whole braking process shall not be more than 1.5g. 5.1.22 Shock absorption measures should be taken for wheel sets when the speed is greater than 36km/h. 5.1.23 When the speed of roller coaster is greater than or equal to 2.5m/s in the slide zone, no obstacle is allowed within the range of safety envelope line of the vehicle, and no part of the human body can touch the road wheels of the vehicle body. The safety envelope line of vehicle refers to the space the maximum range reached by the fingertip and the toe extending outward by 100mm when the standard human body leans against the seat and extends the body under the permission of the safe-lever, as shown in Figure 1. Among them, the standard human dimension corresponds to the male human dimension with percentile of 99 specified in GB/T 10000. Foreword i 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 General principles 5 Technical requirements 5.1 Basic requirements 5.2 Machinery and structure 5.3 Load bearing system 5.4 Electrical and control system 5.5 Emergency rescue system 5.6 Surface protection 5.7 Complete machine 6 Requirements for inspection, testing and test 6.1 Basic requirements 6.2 Mechanical structure 6.3 Load bearing system 6.4 Electrical and control system 6.5 Emergency rescue system 6.6 Surface protection testing 6.7 Complete machine 7 Accompanying documents, marking, packaging, transportation and storage 7.1 Accompanying documents and marking 7.2 Packaging, transportation and storage Annex A (Informative) Examples of common critical shafts (pins) and critical welds 滑行车类游乐设施通用技术条件 1 范围 本标准规定了滑行车类游乐设施的总则,技术要求,检验、检测与试验要求,随机文件、标志、包装、运输和贮存。 本标准适用于滑行车类游乐设施。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 191包装储运图示标志 GB/T 755—2008旋转电机 定额和性能 GB/T 1032三相异步电动机试验方法 GB/T 1447纤维增强塑料拉伸性能试验方法 GB/T 1449纤维增强塑料弯曲性能试验方法 GB/T 1451纤维增强塑料简支梁式冲击韧性试验方法 GB/T 3805—2008特低电压(ELV)限值 GB 4706.1家用和类似用途电器的安全 第1部分:通用要求 GB/T 5226.1机械电气安全 机械电气设备 第1部分:通用技术条件 GB 8408—2018大型游乐设施安全规范 GB/T 8923(所有部分) 涂覆涂料前钢材表面处理 表面清洁度的目视评定 GB/T 9286—1998色漆和清漆 漆膜的划格试验 GB/T 10000 中国成年人人体尺寸 GB/T 13384机电产品包装通用技术条件 GB/T 13912金属覆盖层 钢铁制件热浸镀锌层技术要求及试验方法 GB/T 15706机械安全 设计通则 风险评估与风险减小 GB/T 16754机械安全 急停 设计原则 GB/T 16855.1机械安全 控制系统安全相关部件 第1部分:设计通则 GB/T 19212.1变压器、电抗器、电源装置及其组合的安全 第1部分:通用要求和试验 GB/T 20306游乐设施术语 GB/T 20438(所有部分) 电气/电子/可编程电子安全相关系统的功能安全 GB/T 28265—2012游乐设施安全防护装置通用技术条件 GB/T 34370(所有部分) 游乐设施无损检测 GB/T 34371游乐设施风险评价 总则 GB 50005木结构设计标准 GB 50017钢结构设计标准 GB/T 50065交流电气装置的接地设计规范 GB 50202建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收标准 GB 50204混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范 GB 50206木结构工程施工质量验收规范 GB 50231机械设备安装工程施工及验收通用规范 3 术语和定义 GB/T 20306界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 单车滑行车系列single train roller coaster series 设计运行工况为同一轨道上有一个(辆)单车或一组列车运行的滑行车类游乐设施。 3.2 多车滑行车系列multi train roller coaster series 设计运行工况为同一轨道上有两组或两组以上的单车或列车运行的滑行车类游乐设施。 3.3 激流勇进splash 乘客装置提升后沿轨道惯性下滑入水(水道)中,由水阻力减速,乘客装置在水中由水流推动沿水道运行的滑行车类游乐设施。 3.4 弯月飞车系列 powered U-shape roller coaster series 在运行中由驱动装置和惯性共同驱动乘客装置运行的滑行车,其车体带驱动装置,在每条轨道上仅有一个滑车,在运行中沿轨道做来回往复运动的滑行车类游乐设施。 3.5 木制过山车 wooden roller coaster 支承结构主要为木质材料组成的滑行车类游乐设施。 3.6 发射式滑行车launch coaster 通过外部动力驱动使乘客装置短时间内获取较大初始动能的滑行车类游乐设施。 注:发射式滑行车的驱动装置一般为直线电机、气动装置、液压装置、飞轮蓄能装置等设备。 3.7 断轨滑行车non-continuous rail roller coaster 乘客装置驶离站台及维修区后,运行过程中存在通过轨道局部移动、转动等动作实现车体在轨道正常运行的滑行车类游乐设施。 3.8 轨道滑管coaster zipline 主体乘客束缚装置采用“悬挂承载”结构形式,滑行车采用滑轮与硬质轨道接触,利用高低落差,由高处沿硬质轨道惯性下滑的滑行车类游乐设施。 3.9 故障-安全 fail-safe 设备出现故障后,其控制系统或机械机构能够维持安全状态或向安全状态转移,以避免出现更大故障或事故的模式。 3.10 轮系wheel set 支承车体的行走轮、侧导轮、底轮及相连接的轮、轴等相关受力结构件。 3.11 单一失效点single point of failure 游乐设施上的一个零件、结构连接点或电气元件,其失效将会导致整个设备失效或严重危及乘客安全。 4 总则 4.1滑行车类游乐设施的设计、制造、安装、改造、修理、试验和检验、标志、包装、运输和贮存应满足GB 8408的有关规定和本标准的相关要求。 4.2滑行车类游乐设施常见型式和主要技术参数宜按表1选取。 表1 常见型式和主要技术参数 序号 型式名称 主要技术参数 典型设备 1 单车滑行车系列 承载人数、运行速度、轨道高度、车辆数/列、加速度 三环过山车 2 多车滑行车系列 承载人数/列、运行速度、轨道高度、车辆数/列、列车数、加速度 疯狂老鼠 3 激流勇进 承载人数/船、运行速度、轨道高度、船数、加速度 激流勇进 4 弯月飞车系列 承载人数/座舱、运行速度、轨道高度、座舱数、加速度 弯月飞车 5 轨道滑管 承载人数/车、运行速度、轨道长度、加速度 滑管 6 其他型式滑行车类 承载人数/车、运行速度、轨道高度、车辆数、加速度 神州飞碟 5 技术要求 5.1基本要求 5.1.1滑行车类游乐设施的设计文件应至少包括设计说明书、设计计算书、使用维护说明书、风险评价报告、设计验证大纲及符合国家相关标准的全套设计图纸。 5.1.2滑行车类游乐设施的设计应符合GB/T 15706的规定。 5.1.3滑行车类游乐设施设计阶段应按GB/T 34371进行风险评价,需要改造的或整机使用年限到期后仍继续使用的滑行车类游乐设施也应进行风险评价。风险评价应分别从受力结构与受力零部件、电气控制系统与部件、设备运行环境、设备周围障碍物、人为因素、意外因素、应急救援等方面进行,并对单一失效点进行辨识。应通过风险评价识别设备重要零部件和安全功能,对车体、制动、轨道、驱动、止逆、乘客束缚装置、车轮系等零部件应逐件进行失效模式及影响分析。设计阶段应避免不可接受的风险,不应有不可检测或监测的单一失效点。 5.1.4滑行车类游乐设施成人载荷取值应不低于750N。 5.1.5车体需在满载状态正常工况下进行强度、刚度校核,冲击系数k1根据滑行车的最大速度按表2选择。 表2冲击系数 速度/(km/h) 冲击系数k1 ≥40 ≥1.5 ≥20 ≥1.25 ≥7.2 ≥1.2 <7.2 ≥1 5.1.6载荷组合应结合滑行车类游乐设施的实际工况选取。应包含以下工况:提升、止逆、制动以及出现X向、Y向、Z向最大加速度值的工况。 5.1.7滑行车类游乐设施设计应进行动力学计算,应计算乘客所受的速度与加速度值,其值应符合要求。 5.1.8滑行车类游乐设施应在轨道的展开图上做速度、加速度曲线图或标明速度值、加速度值(参考人体坐标系)。 5.1.9滑行车类游乐设施的设计应根据具体结构和实际工况作相应设计校核,如强度校核、刚度校核、疲劳强度校核等。 5.1.10滑行车类重要轴及重要焊缝应进行强度和疲劳强度校核,两者都应满足安全系数的要求。对于难以检验、检测的重要轴,应按无限寿命设计。 5.1.11钢结构构件及其连接的设计指标应符合GB 50017中“设计指标”的规定。 5.1.12轨道和支承的结构设计应满足GB 50017的规定,采用木结构时还应满足GB 50005的规定。木结构施工质量应符合GB 50206的规定。 5.1.13轨道高度大于20m的滑行车,其轨道与支承应分别计算最大风载荷组合及地震载荷组合。 5.1.14滑行车类游乐设施设计的额定提升速度宜不大于2m/s,对提升速度大于2m/s的设备应采取有效措施防止提升时产生冲击。 5.1.15各类易损件在正常运行工况下,其累计运行寿命应不低于6个月。 5.1.16速度小于50km/h的滑行车轨道及支承在正常运行工况下,最大允许变形量为1/300,两支承间轨道最大允许变形量为1/300(不含支承变形量);速度大于或等于50km/h的滑行车轨道及支承在正常运行工况下,最大允许变形量为1/500,两支承间轨道最大允许变形量为1/500(不含支承变形量)。 5.1.17对于车辆连接器冗余保险结构冲击系数不小于2,其安全系数不小于2。 5.1.18人员活动区域均布载荷按照以下取值: a)乘客上下客站台、楼梯、出入口站人的普通区域:3.5kN/m2; b)维修站台、疏散站台等非开放式区域:1.5kN/m2。 5.1.19滑行车类游乐设施,滑行车钢轨道采用圆管时,轨道壁厚不应小于4mm。轨道采用焊管时,材料的断裂伸长率应大于40%,轨道成型后焊缝不应有开裂缺陷。 5.1.20轨迹设计应平滑,不应引起车辆运行时过大冲击。 5.1.21制动系统宜采用常闭式刹车,并留足制动余量,计算时应考虑最不利制动工况。制动加速度应平缓过渡,防止冲击,制动全程最大加速度不大于1.5g。 5.1.22当速度大于36km/h时,轮系宜有减震措施。 5.1.23滑行车在滑行区域,当车速大于或等于2.5m/s时,车辆安全包络线范围内不准许有任何障碍物,并且人体任何部位不能触碰到车体的行走轮。车辆安全包络线是指标准人体在压杠允许的情况下,身体倚靠在座椅上伸展身体,指尖和脚尖扫过的最大范围并向外延伸100mm的空间,如图1所示。其中,标准人体的尺寸对应于GB/T 10000百分位数99的男性人体尺寸。 安全包络线 座位面 单位为毫米 图1安全包络线范围 5.1.24在同一条轨道上运行的多车滑行车应设置防碰撞及缓冲装置。 5.1.25当动力电源突然断电或设备发生故障时,滑行车停靠于提升段时,滑行车应具备在动力电源恢复或故障排除以后重新正常运行的能力,同时保证设备和人员安全。 5.1.26弯月飞车轨道端部应设置机械限位、电气限位和电气极限位置控制装置,以防止车体滑出轨道。 5.1.27采用45钢、40Cr钢等中碳钢的重要轴类材料应调质处理。 5.1.28对于速度大于或等于50km/h的滑行车,直径大于40mm的重要轴宜采用锻件。 5.1.29木制过山车和轨道滑管的轨道及支承所用的木质材料,应进行阻燃及防腐处理。 5.1.30车体、轨道及支承立柱的焊接结构应采用可焊性好的钢材,普通碳素钢含碳量在0.27%以下,低合金钢的碳当量应小于0.6%,对于碳当量大于0.4%的低合金钢应在焊前进行预热;不宜采用异种钢焊接,如采用异种钢焊接,应有相应焊接工艺评定。 5.2机械及结构 5.2.1传动系统的设计,应保证运行安全,在该系统失效的情况下,车辆应处于安全状态。滑行车类游乐设施起动时不应有明显打滑现象,传动机构应运转正常。 5.2.2传动系统设计时应根据最大提升速度,按表2选取冲击系数。 5.2.3沿轨道向上牵引滑行车的牵引钢丝绳与牵引链条,按5.1的要求考虑适宜的冲击系数后,其最小断裂载荷与最大载荷的比值应不小于5。 5.2.4采用齿轮及齿条传动时,应符合有关齿轮、齿条标准。对齿轮啮合的接触斑点要求和测量方法按GB 50231的规定。 5.2.5采用皮带传动时,其装配要求符合GB 50231的规定;皮带应张紧适度,不应有明显跑偏现象,导向装置应灵活可靠。 5.2.6采用钢丝绳及链条传动时应张紧适度;采用钢丝绳提升时应设有防止钢丝绳过卷、跳槽和松弛的装置。 5.2.7提升及传动系统应平稳可靠,不应产生异常的冲击振动,安装精度应符合GB 50231的规定。 5.2.8提升用链条、钢丝绳应设置合理的润滑措施,并设置相应的废油收集装置,以防污染设备及环境。 5.2.9电动机、减速机和联轴器应安装良好,联轴器两轴的同轴度和端面间隙应符合GB 50231的有关规定。 5.2.10车辆连接器应结构合理,转动灵活,宜设有二次保险装置。 5.2.11沿斜坡或垂直向上牵引的滑行车、发射式滑行车,当车辆逆行有安全风险或逆行速度不可控时,应设有防止车辆逆行的装置。 5.2.12对于多车组成的列车系统,如需止逆装置,应设置冗余止逆装置。 5.2.13采用压缩空气为制动装置动力源时,应考虑压缩空气发生泄漏后的风险,空气发生泄漏后,滑行车类游乐设施不应造成人员伤害或设备损坏;用于制动的压缩空气,应达到在满载不供气情况下,可继续在紧急模式下操作,气量应足够制动装置执行其动作,直至车辆返回安全区域。 5.2.14螺栓连接应满足以下要求: a)采用螺栓连接时,应采用可靠的防松措施。 b)滑行车类重要零部件之间的连接采用螺栓连接时,应采用10.9级及以下级别高强度螺栓。 c)滑行车类重要零部件之间的连接螺栓应在拧紧后作防松标记,且防松标记位置应易于观察。 d)承压型螺栓连接不应用于载客装置上直接承受动力载荷的轮架、桥架、车辆连接器、提升机构、止逆机构、座舱等车体部件;以上部件采用摩擦型(高强度螺栓)连接时,宜设止口、挡块、凸台等机械止动措施,未设机械止动措施的连接,正常运行工况设计承载力不小于1.5倍计算值,见下式: 式中: Zm——传力的摩擦面数; μ——摩擦系数,按表3选取; Pg——高强度螺栓的预拉力,依据GB 8408—2018附录C选取,单位为千牛(kN); Pt——高强度螺栓的轴线方向计算拉力,单位为千牛(kN); Fj——构件计算承载力,单位为千牛(kN)。 表3摩擦系数μ值 在连接处接合面的处理方法 构件钢号 Q235 Q355及其以上 喷砂 0.45 0.55 喷砂(酸洗)后涂无机富锌漆 0.35 0.40 喷砂后生赤锈 0.45 0.55 钢丝刷清浮锈或未经处理的干净轧制表面 0.3 0.35 5.2.15销轴连接应满足以下要求: a)采用销轴连接时,应采用可靠的防脱落措施。 b)滑行车类重要轴类零件,如轴端采用螺纹形式防脱落,应采用可靠的防松措施。 c)滑行车重要轴类的销轴连接,有相对运动的部位宜采用润滑措施。 d)滑行车重要轴类的销轴连接,应采用可拆装的结构形式。 5.2.16滑行车车轮装置应转动灵活,润滑、维修方便;车轮应耐磨、耐热并有足够的强度。车轮材料应标明生产日期及“保存期限”,重要零部件应有可追溯标识。 5.2.17速度大于36km/h的滑行车类游乐设施(激流勇进、木制过山车除外),侧轮(或轮缘)与轨道间隙单侧宜不大于5mm。 5.2.18滑行车类如采用充气轮胎,应保证轮胎气压降低时乘客与设备的安全性。 5.2.19侧轮在轨道内时滑行车轨距的误差为-3mm~5mm,侧轮在轨道外时滑行车轨距的误差为-5mm~3mm,采用木结构轨道的木制过山车轨距误差为-5mm~6mm。 5.2.20轮子行走位置的轨道接口处高低差应不大于1mm。 5.2.21不同曲率半径轨道间过渡应平滑,保证轨道的平顺性。 5.2.22轨道支承间距应配置合理,支柱不宜承受设计文件规定以外的外加载荷。 5.2.23轨道不应有异常的晃动现象。 5.2.24断轨过山车移动轨道对位高低差应不大于1mm。 5.2.25无损检测应满足以下要求: a)滑行车类游乐设施的重要轴(参见附录A)在制造时应进行100%的磁粉(或渗透)探伤,直径大于30mm重要轴在制造时应进行100%的超声波探伤。在用设备应规定合理的检测标准、周期和比例。 b)滑行车类游乐设施重要焊缝(参见附录A)在制造时应进行磁粉探伤(或渗透探伤)检测,Ⅰ级焊缝在制造时应进行超声波探伤。在用设备应规定合理的检测标准、周期和比例。 c)目视检测、超声波探伤、磁粉探伤、渗透探伤、射线探伤方法和要求按GB/T 34370执行。 5.2.26滑行车类重要零部件宜采用有效的防锈蚀措施。 5.2.27运行时会与水接触的零部件应采用可靠的防水、防漏、防锈措施,漏水对设备有安全影响的应采取防渗漏措施。激流勇进船体、与水接触的零部件应采用有效的防锈蚀措施。 5.2.28基础的质量要求应符合GB 50202、GB 50204的规定。基础不应有影响游乐设施正常运行的不均匀沉陷、开裂和松动等异常现象。 5.2.29移动式基础应满足设备承载力要求,基础框架应满足设备防侧滑要求。 5.2.30一般应设辅助轨道或吊挂等装置,便于车辆维修。 5.3乘载系统 5.3.1乘客束缚装置型式与配置数量应符合GB 8408的规定。 5.3.2乘载系统主体结构应采用金属结构材料或其他高强度性能的非金属材料制成,在整体上应为坚固的结构,座席应采用软质、木质或玻璃钢等材料。 5.3.3座椅悬挂布置的滑行车座椅面最高点距离乘客上下踏面的高度应不大于1.0m,座舱型滑行车上客踏板与站台面的高度应不大于500mm;车厢进出口外底板距站台高度应不大于300mm。 5.3.4激流勇进应设置安全扶手;骑乘式滑行车应设置安全扶手、腰部安全防护装置以及脚踏装置。 5.3.5编织物型式滑行装备承载力应不小于10倍额定载荷的负载。 5.3.6根据GB 8408设计加速度区域要求,设计加速度在区域4、区域5范围内的安全压杠,其最小闭合位置压杠末端与限制面位置(如图2、图3所示)不大于150mm,运行中应能有效限制乘客不能从座位脱出。 5.3.7按照GB 8408设计加速度区域要求,加速度在区域4和区域5的滑行车类游乐设施,应设置两套独立的乘客束缚装置或一套失效安全的束缚装置,安全压杠应设置至少两套锁紧装置,锁紧装置应便于检查。 |
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GB/T 18159-2019, GB 18159-2019, GBT 18159-2019, GB/T18159-2019, GB/T 18159, GB/T18159, GB18159-2019, GB 18159, GB18159, GBT18159-2019, GBT 18159, GBT18159 |