GB/T 17217-2021 Hygienic specification for public toilet
1 Scope
This standard specifies the hygienic requirements for the planning, design, construction and management of public toilets, as well as the hygienic evaluation indicators and thresholds.
This standard is applicable to the planning, design, construction, management and hygienic evaluation of new, renovated or expanded fixed public toilets for public use in cities, rural areas, tourist areas and expressway service areas, as well as public restrooms set up in public places. It may also serve as a reference for existing public toilets, public toilets in schools, and public toilets for internal staff of units.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 7959 Hygienic requirements for harmless disposal of night soil
GB/T 11742 Standard method for hygienic examination of hydrogen sulfide in air of residential areas - Methylene blue spectrophotometric method
GB/T 14679 Air quality - Determination of ammonia - Sodium salicylate-sodium hypochlorite spectrophotometric method
GB/T 18204.1 Examination methods for public places - Part 1: Physical parameters
GB 18466 Discharge standard of water pollutants for medical organization
GB 19379 Hygienic specification for rural household latrine
GB/T 50337 Standard for planning of urban environment sanitation facilities
CJJ 14 Standard for design of urban public toilets
NY/T 1702-2009 Technology specifications of biogas digester for domestic sewage treatment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
public toilet
fixed toilets set up in public places for public use
Note: Public toilets are classified into independence public toilets and dependence public toilets based on whether they are attached to other buildings.
3.2
innocuous sanitary toilet
sanitary toilets equipped with facilities that can effectively reduce the infectivity of biological pathogenic factors in feces
Note: Toilets with front treatment facilities, including septic tank type with three or more compartments, biogas tank type, double-urn or triple-urn type, urine diverting latrine, and water-flush type with complete water supply and drainage systems.
3.3
front treatment facilities
treatment facility that ensures the faecal sludge from toilets meets the innocuous standards before being discharged
3.4
ratio of glazing area to floor area
ratio of the effective light-transmitting area (Ac) of the window to the floor area (Ad) of the room, namely Ac/Ad
3.5
air exchange rate
ratio of volume of air entering the room from outside (Ma, m³/h) to the indoor air volume of the room (M, m³) within 1h, namely Ma/M
4 Hygienic requirements for planning, design, and construction
4.1 Planning layout
4.1.1 Public toilets shall be comprehensively planned and rationally laid out in accordance with local conditions.
4.1.2 The distribution and quantity of urban public toilets shall meet the requirements of CJJ 14.
4.1.3 The distribution of public toilets in rural areas shall be arranged according to the service radius. The service radius of public toilets in residential areas should not exceed 150m, and the service radius of public toilets alternately arranged on both sides of streets should not exceed 250m.
4.1.4 Non-water-flush independence public toilets shall be at least 10m away from catering enterprises and kindergarten units, and at least 30m away from underground water intake structures of public toilets.
4.1.5 Open facilities such as domestic garbage pits and sewage pits that are conducive to the breeding of rats and flies shall not be set up around independence public toilets.
4.1.6 The existing resources of the dependence public toilets should be fully utilized. The design and construction of dependence public toilets should meet the all-day service condition to the public.
4.2 Design
4.2.1 General requirements
4.2.1.1 The design of toilets shall meet the basic requirements of hygiene, safety, privacy and convenience.
4.2.1.2 The auxiliary facilities should be added in accordance with local conditions such as the needs of the service population in the area where it is located, the economic development status, and the surrounding environmental conditions of the venue.
4.2.2 Scale of public toilets
4.2.2.1 The scale of urban public toilets shall comply with GB/T 50337 and CJJ 14.
4.2.2.2 When the number of men and women in the public toilet service area is comparable, the ratio of male to female cubicles should be 1:2.
4.2.3 Types of public toilets
Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Hygienic requirements for planning, design, and construction
5 Hygienic evaluation indicators and thresholds
6 Management requirements
Annex A (Normative) Hygienic requirements for the construction and operation management of three-compartment septic tank
Annex B (Normative) Hygienic requirements for the construction and operation management of biogas digester
Annex C (Normative) Hygienic requirements for the construction and operation management of urine diverting latrine
Annex D (Normative) Hygienic requirements for the construction and operation management of double-urn and triple-urn storage tanks
Annex E (Normative) Fly density detection method
Annex F (Normative) Grade 4 odor intensity inspection method
Annex G (Normative) Rapid instrumental detection method for fecal coliforms
Bibliography
