CJ/T 445-2014 Pipes and joints made of oriented unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-O) for the conveyance of water under pressure
1 Scope
This standard specifies the general aspects of pipes and joints made of PVC-O, for piping systems intended to be used underground or above-ground where not exposed to direct sunlight, for water mains and services, pressurized sewer systems and irrigation systems.
The piping system according to this standard is intended for the conveyance of cold water under pressure, for drinking water and for general purposes up to and including 45 ℃, and especially in those applications where special performance requirements are needed, such as impact loads and pressure fluctuations, up to pressure ratings of 2.5MPa.
The pipe fittings made of other materials involved in this standard shall conform to the current national standards in addition to the provisions of this standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 321-2005 Preferred numbers - Series of preferred numbers (ISO 3 : 1997, IDT)
GB/T 1633 Plastics - Thermoplastic materials - Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST)
GB/T 3401 Determination of the viscosity of Poly(vinyl chloride) resins in dilute solution using capillary viscometers (GB/T 3401-2007, ISO 1648-2 : 1998, MOD)
GB/T 4217 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids - Nominal outside diameters and nominal pressures (GB/T 4217-2008, ISO 161-1 : 1996, IDT)
GB/T 6111 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids - Resistance to internal pressure - Test method (GB/T 6111-2003, ISO 1167 : 1996, IDT)
GB/T 8804.2-2003 Thermoplastic pipes-Determination of tensile properties - Part 2 : Pipes made of unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride)(PVC-U),chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride)(PVC-C) and high-impact poly (vinyl chloride)(PVC-HI) (ISO 6259-2 : 1997, IDT)
GB/T 8806 Plastics piping systems - Plastics components - Determination of dimensions (GB/T 8806-2008, ISO 3126 : 2005, IDT)
GB/T 9647 Thermoplastics pipes - Determination of ring stiffness (GB/T 9647-2003, ISO 9969 : 1994, IDT)
GB/T 10002.2-2003 Fittings made of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC-U) for water supply (ISO 4422-3 : 1996, MOD; ISO 4422-5 : 1996, IDT)
GB/T 10798 Table of universal wall thickness of thermoplastics pipe (GB/T 10798-2001, ISO 4065 : 1996, IDT)
GB/T 13295 Ductile iron pipes, fittings and accessories for water or gas applications (GB/T 13295-2008, ISO 2531 : 1998, MOD)
GB/T 14152 Thermoplastics pipes - Determination of resistance to external blows - Round-the-clock method (GB/T 14152 - 2001, eqv ISO 3127 : 1994)
GB/T 17219 Standard for safety evaluation of equipment and protective materials in drinking water system
GB/T 18252-2008 Plastics piping and ducting systems - Determination of the long - term hydrostatic strength of thermoplastics materials in pipe form by extrapolation (ISO 9080 : 2003, IDT)
GB/T 18475 Thermoplastics materials for pipes and fittings for pressure applications - Classification and designation - Overall service (design) coefficient (GB/T 18475-2001, eqv ISO 12162 : 1995)
GB/T 19471.1 Plastics piping systems - Elastomeric-sealing-ring-type socket joints for use with unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride)(PVC-U) pipes - Test method for leaktighness under internal pressure and angular deflection (GB/T 19471.1-2004, ISO 13845 : 2000, IDT)
GB/T 19471.2 Plastics piping systems - Elastomeric-sealing-ring-type socket joints of unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) for use with PVC-U pipes - Test method for leaktightness under negative pressure (GB/T 19471.2-2004, ISO 13844 : 2000, IDT)
GB/T 21300 Plastics pipes and fittings - Determination of opacity (GB/T 21300-2007, ISO 7686 : 2005, IDT)
GB/T 21873 Rubber seals - Joint rings for water supply drainage and sewerage pipelines - Specification for materials (GB/T 21873-2008, ISO 4633 : 2002, MOD)
ISO 11922-1 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids-Dimensions and tolerance - Part 1 : metric series
ISO 13783 Plastics piping systems - Unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride)(PVC-U) end-load-bearing double-socket joints - Test method for leaktightness and strength while subjected to bending and internal pressure
ISO 13846 Plastics piping systems - End-load-bearing and non-end-load-bearing assemblies and joints for thermoplastics pressure piping - Test method for long-term leaktightness under internal water pressure
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
nominal outside diameter
dn
specified value of the outside diameter of the socket of pipes and fittings, in millimeters
3.2
nominal wall thickness
en
specified wall thickness of pipes, in millimetres, identical to the minimum wall thickness ey, min
3.3
nominal pressure
PN
reference value related to the pressure resistance of piping system components usually, for which the priority number of R10 series is often taken for the convenience of use.
3.4
hydrostatic pressure
p
force exerted by the medium in pipes on the unit area, in MPa
3.5
working pressure
maximum pressure which a piping system can sustain in continuous use, in MPa
3.6
hydrostatic stress
σ
stress in the circumferential direction, expressed in megapascals (MPa), induced in the wall of a pipe when it is subjected to internal pressure
It is calculated using equation (1):
(1)
where
p——internal pressure, in MPa;
dem ——mean outside diameter of the pipe, in mm;
ey, min ——minimum wall thickness of pipe measured, in mm.
3.7
long-term hydrostatic strength for 50 years at 20℃
σLTHS
average or predicted strength of pipes at a temperature of 20℃ and for a time of 50 years, in MPa
3.8
lower confidence limit of the predicted
σLPL
lower limit of the predicted hydrostatic strength corresponding to temperature T and time t is σLPL=σ(T, t, 0.975) when the confidence is 97.5%, having the same dimension as stress
3.9
minimum required strength
MRS
stress value obtained by rounding the lower confidence limit σLCL at a temperature of 20℃ and for a time of 50 years down to the nearest priority number according to R10 or R20 series, in MPa. When σLCL is less than 10MPa, it shall be rounded according to R10 series, and when σLCL is greater than or equal to 10MPa, it shall be rounded according to R20 series
3.10
overall service (design) coefficient
C
a value greater than one, which takes into consideration service conditions as well as properties of other components of a pipe, which is the safety margin of piping system considered beyond the factors included in the lower confidence limit
3.11
pipe series
S
dimensionless numbers related to nominal outer diameter and nominal wall thickness, which may be used to guide the selection of pipe specifications. The value S can be calculated by any of the following formulas (2), (3) or (4) and rounded according to certain rules.
S=(dn-en)/2en (2)
S=(SDR-1)/2 (3)
S=σ/p (4)
where
dn ——nominal outside diameter of pipe, in mm;
en ——nominal wall thickness, in mm;
SDR——standard dimension ratio;
p——internal pressure, in MPa;
σ——hydrostatic stress, in MPa。
3.12
standard dimension ratio
SDR
ratio between the nominal outer diameter dn and the nominal wall thickness en of pipe, which is calculated by either formulas (5) or (6) and rounded according to certain rules:
SDR=dn/en (5)
SDR=2S+1 (6)
where
dn——nominal outside diameter of pipe, in mm;
en ——nominal wall thickness, in mm;
S——pipe series.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
The following symbols apply to this document.
C: overall service(design) coefficient
Foreword I 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 5 Material 6 Effect of materials on water quality 7 Material classification 8 Classification and selection of pipes 9 General requirements for pipes 10 Geometrical characteristics for pipes 11 Mechanical characteristics of pipes 12 Physical characteristics - Tensile strength 13 System suitability test 14 Elastomeric sealing rings 15 Marking Annex A (Normative) Establishment of the minimum required strength (MRS) Annex B (Informative) Minimum depth of engagement of sockets Annex C (Normative) Temperature derating factor Annex D (Informative) Rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-C) pressure pipes with elastic sealing ring single socket fittings - minimum socket depth Annex E (Informative) Ring stiffness of pipes Annex F (Informative) Explanation of calculated pressures for long-term leak-tightness testing
给水用抗冲抗压双轴取向聚氯乙烯 (PVC-O)管材及连接件 1 范围 本标准规定了PVC-O管材和连接件的应用范围是在无阳光直接暴晒的埋地和地面承压输水系统和灌溉系统的主干线和支线管道。 根据本标准,管道系统主要是指用于输送温度不高于45℃的承压冷水,包括饮用水和普通要求的水,也可用于一些特殊领域,如:有冲击负载和压力波动的场合,压力等级不超过2.5MPa。 本标准中涉及的其他材料生产的管件除应符合本标准的规定外,尚应符合相应国家现行标准规定。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。 GB/T 321—2005 优先数和优先数系(ISO 3:1997,IDT) GB/T 1633 热塑性塑料维卡软化温度(VST)的测定 GB/T 3401 用毛细管黏度计测定聚氯乙烯树脂稀溶液的黏度(GB/T 3401—2007,ISO 1648-2:1998,MOD) GB/T 4217 流体输送用热塑性塑料管材 公称外径和公称压力(GB/T 4217—2008,ISO 161-1:1996,IDT) GB/T 6111 流体输送用热塑性塑料管材耐内压试验方法(GB/T 6111—2003,ISO 1167:1996,IDT) GB/T 8804.2—2003 热塑性塑料管材 拉伸性能测定 第2部分:硬聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)、氯化聚氯乙烯(PVC-C)和高抗冲聚氯乙烯(PVC-HI)管材(ISO 6259-2:1997,IDT) GB/T 8806 塑料管道系统 塑料部件 尺寸的测定(GB/T 8806—2008,ISO 3126:2005,IDT) GB/T 9647 热塑性塑料管材环刚度的测定(GB/T 9647—2003,ISO 9969:1994,IDT) GB/T 10002.2—2003 给水用硬聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)管件(ISO 4422-3:1996,MOD;ISO 4422-5:1996,IDT) GB/T 10798 热塑性塑料管材通用壁厚表(GB/T 10798—2001,ISO 4065:1996,IDT) GB/T 13295 水及燃气用球墨铸铁管、管件和附件(GB/T 13295—2008,ISO 2531:1998,MOD) GB/T 14152 热塑性塑料管材耐外冲击性能试验方法 时针旋转法(GB/T 14152—2001,eqv ISO 3127:1994) GB/T 17219 生活饮用水输配水设备及防护材料的安全性能评价标准 GB/T 18252—2008 塑料管道系统 用外推法确定热塑性塑料以管材形式的长期静液压强度(ISO 9080:2003,IDT) GB/T 18475 热塑性塑料压力管材和管件用材料分级和命名 总体使用(设计)系数(GB/T 18475—2001,eqv ISO 12162:1995) GB/T 19471.1 塑料管道系统 硬聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)管材弹性密封圈式承口接头 偏角密封试验方法(GB/T 19471.1—2004,ISO 13845:2000,IDT) GB/T 19471.2 塑料管道系统 硬聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)管材弹性密封圈式承口接头 负压密封试验方法(GB/T 19471.2—2004,ISO 13844:2000,IDT) GB/T 21300 塑料管材和管件 不透光性的测定(GB/T 21300—2007,ISO 7686:2005,IDT) GB/T 21873 橡胶密封件 给、排水管及污水管道用接口密封圈 材料规范(GB/T 21873—2008,ISO 4633:2002,MOD) ISO 11922-1 流体输送用热塑性塑料管材-尺寸和公差 第1部分:公制系列(Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids—Dimensions and tolerance—Part 1:metric series.) ISO 13783 塑料管道系统 硬聚氯乙烯(PVC-U)端部承载的双承口连接件 密封和承受弯曲及内压的试验方法(Plastics piping systems—Unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride)(PVC-U) end-load-bearing double-socket joints—Test method for leaktightness and strength while subjected to bending and internal pressure) ISO 13846 塑料管道系统 热塑承压管用端部承载和无端部承载组件和连接件 测定水内压长期密封性的试验方法(Plastics piping systems—End-load-bearing and non-end-load-bearing assemblies and joints for thermoplastics pressure piping—Test method for long-term leaktightness under internal water pressure) 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 公称外径 nominal outside diameter dn 管材及管件插口外径的规定数值,单位为毫米(mm)。 3.2 公称壁厚 nominal wall thickness en 管材壁厚的规定值,等同于最小允许壁厚ey,min,单位为毫米(mm)。 3.3 公称压力 nominal pressure PN 与管道系统部件耐压能力有关的参考数值,为便于使用,通常取R10系列的优先数。 3.4 内压 hydrostatic pressure p 管内介质施加在单位面积上的力,单位为兆帕(MPa)。 3.5 工作压力 working pressure 管道系统中允许连续使用的流体最大工作压力,单位为兆帕(MPa)。 3.6 环向应力 hydrostatic stress σ 内压在管壁中引起的沿管材圆周方向的应力,单位为兆帕(MPa)。 它可由式(1)计算得到: (1) 式中: p——内压,单位为兆帕(MPa); dem——管材的平均外径,单位为毫米(mm); ey,min——测定的管材的最小壁厚,单位为毫米(mm)。 3.7 20℃,50年长期强度 long-term hydrostatic strength for 50 years at 20℃ σLTHS 管材在20℃承受50年的平均强度或预测平均强度,单位为兆帕(MPa)。 3.8 预测静液压强度置信下限 lower confidence limit of the predicted σLPL 置信度为97.5%时,对应于温度T和时间t的静液压强度预测值的下限,σLPL=σ(T,t,0.975),与应力有相同的量纲。 3.9 最小要求强度 minimum required strength MRS 将20℃、50年置信下限σLCL的值按R10或R20系列向下圆整到最接近的一个优先数得到的应力值,单位为兆帕(MPa)。当σLCL小于10MPa时,按R10系列圆整,当σLCL大于等于10MPa时按R20系列圆整。 3.10 总体使用(设计)系数 overall service (design) coefficient C 一个大于1的数值,它的大小考虑了使用条件和管路其他附件的特性对管系的影响,是在置信下限所包含因素之外考虑的管系的安全裕度。 3.11 管系列 pipo series S 与公称外径和公称壁厚有关的无量纲数,可用于指导管材规格的选用。S值可由下列任一式(2)、式(3)或式(4)计算,并按一定规则圆整。 S=(dn-en)/2en (2) S=(SDR-1)/2 (3) S=σ/p (4) 式中: dn——管材公称外径,单位为毫米(mm); en——公称壁厚,单位为毫米(mm); SDR——标准尺寸比; p——管材内压,单位为兆帕(MPa); σ——环向应力,单位为兆帕(MPa)。 3.12 标准尺寸比 standard dimension ratio SDR 管材的公称外径dn和公称壁厚en的比值,由下列任一式(5)或(6)计算并按一定规则圆整: SDR=dn/en (5) SDR=2S+1 (6) 式中: dn——管材公称外径,单位为毫米(mm); en——公称壁厚,单位为毫米(mm); S——管系列。 4 符号和缩略语 4.1 符号 下列符号适用于本文件。 C 总体使用(设计)系数 de 任一点外径 dem 平均外径 di 任一点内径 dim 承口平均内径 dn 公称外径 DN 公称尺寸 ey 任一点壁厚 em 平均壁厚 en 公称壁厚 fa 降级(或升级)使用因子 ft 折减系数 K K值 p 内压 pt 测试压力 PN 公称压力 δ 材料密度 σ 环向应力 σs 设计应力 4.2 缩略语 下列缩略语适用于本文件。 LPL 置信下限 MRS 最小要求强度 PFA 允许工作压力 PVC-U 硬聚氯乙烯 S 管系列 SDR 标准尺寸比 5 原材料 5.1 概述 生产管材的原料应是以PVC树脂为主,其中可加入为达到本标准要求的管材和管件所必需的添加剂。所有添加剂应分散均匀。根据GB/T 3401检查时,PVC树脂的K值应大于64。当根据GB/T 1633测试时,该混配料的维卡软化温度不小于80℃。 5.2 回用材料 在生产和检测过程中产生的回收料如符合本标准对原料的要求,可作为原材料用于生产PVC-O管材,但不应使用外购的回收料。 6 材料对水质的影响 6.1 当在设计条件下使用时,与饮用水接触的材料不得含有毒成分,不应滋生微生物。不会导致任何怪味和臭气,不应使水变混浊或变色。 6.2 在饮用水相关应用场合,所有的管材、管件和密封圈的材料应符合GB/T 17219及与饮用水接触相关的法律法规。 7 材料等级 7.1 MRS值 由给定PVC-U混配料生产的,在切线和轴线方向均具有一定取向度的双轴取向管,应根据附录A中规定的程序进行评估。MRS值应按7.3和表1进行分类。 表1 原材料等级 管材原材料等级代码 315 355 400 450 500 MRSa/MPa 31.5 35.5 40 45 50 C 1.6 2 1.6 2 1.6 2 1.4 1.6 2 1.4 1.6 2 σs/MPa 20 16 22 18 25 20 32 28 23 36 32 25 a 可以选择R20或者更高等级的MRS,只要符合GB/T 321—2005规定的范围。 7.2 总体使用(设计)系数C PVC-O管材的总体使用(设计)系数最小值应为1.6。此外,在管材轴向收缩(由于受到更大的设计应力)不会导致接头分开的情况下,MRS450和MRS500等级的总体使用(设计)系数可以是1.4。在这种情况下,宜根据附录B进行。 7.3 设计应力σs 设计应力应按照GB/T 18252测定的预测静液压强度置信下限σLPL值而定。σLPL值应根据GB/T 18475换算成MRS值。MRS值除以总体使用(设计)系数C,得到设计应力为σs,可用式(7)表示: σs=MRS/C (7) 式中: MRS——最小要求强度,单位为兆帕(MPa); C——总体使用(设计)系数。 8 管材的等级及选择 8.1 等级 8.1.1 管材一般按照其公称压力PN来分级。 8.1.2 公称压力PN、管系列S和设计应力σs的关系如式(8)所示: PN≈σs/S (8) 式中: σs——设计应力,单位为兆帕(MPa); PN——公称压力,单位为兆帕(MPa); S——管系列。 8.2 壁厚的计算 GB/T 10798规定了公称壁厚en和公称外径dn之间的关系。公称压力PN一定的情况下,管材的公称壁厚en值可以通过下面等式替换为MRS值、C值和dn值,按式(9)计算得到: en=dn/(2S0+1) (9) 式中: dn——公称壁厚,单位为毫米(mm); S0——从式(2)计算得到的管系列S的计算值。数值应该圆整到GB/T 10798规定的只有一位小数。 注:对于代号为R10的系列,公称管材系列号和它的计算值都在GB/T 10798给出。此标准对于R20系列的要求,参见GB/T 321。 表2给出了公称外径,公称壁厚和相关的公称压力和材料等级。 表2 公称外径dn和公称壁厚en 材料等级 总体使用(设计)系数C=1.6的公称压力/MPa