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TSG 71-2023 Regulation on safety technology for large-scale amusement facilities 1 General provisions 1.1 Purpose The Regulation is developed according to Special Equipment Safety Law of the People's Republic of China and Regulations on Safety Supervision of Special Equipment with a view to ensuring the safe use of large-scale amusement facilities, preventing and reducing accidents, protecting personal and property safety, and promoting economic and social development. 1.2 Meaning of large-scale amusement facilities The large-scale amusement facilities mentioned in the Regulation refer to the equipment and facilities used for business purposes and carrying passenger for amusement, with their scope defined as the people-carrying electromechanical amusement equipment, water amusement facilities and non-powered amusement facilities with the design maximum running linear speed (Note 1-1) greater than or equal to 2 m/s, or the running height (Note 1-2) higher than or equal to 2 m (Note 1-3), except for equipment and facilities used for sports, theatrical performances and non-business activities. Specific categories and varieties shall be specified in Special Equipment Catalog. The large-scale amusement facilities include the body of the large-scale amusement facilities, accessory equipment indispensable for the safe operation of the facilities and decorations fixed on the body, and exclude the power distribution part, foundation and building (structure) part of the large-scale amusement facilities. Note 1-1: The design maximum running linear speed (hereinafter referred to as running speed) refers to the possible maximum linear speed of passengers during the normal operation of the design large-scale amusement facilities. Note 1-2: The running height generally refers to the maximum vertical distance from the supporting surface of passenger constraint to the installation base surface during operation; the running height of large-scale amusement facilities installed on buildings (structures) refers to the maximum vertical distance from the supporting surface of passenger constraint to the falling surface during operation; the running height of free-fall bungee refers to the maximum vertical distance from the jumping-off point to the lowest water surface or ground; the running height of water slide device refers to the maximum vertical distance from the sliding point to the lowest water surface or ground. Note 1-3: The running speed and running height are generally judged based on the product design data of the fabrication unit, which shall ensure the consistency between the actual operating parameters and the parameters in design data and product quality certificates. 1.3 Application scope The Regulation is applicable to the production (including design, fabrication, installation, modification and repair), use, inspection, testing, and supervision and management of large-scale amusement facilities. The accessory equipment of large-scale amusement facilities, if belonging to other types of special equipment (such as pressure vessels, pressure pipes and elevators), shall be managed according to the requirements of corresponding equipment. 1.4 Categorization and classification of large-scale amusement facilities Large-scale amusement facilities shall be classified into Class A and Class B according to the corresponding categories, types and parameters, see "Table for categorization and classification of large-scale amusement facilities" (Annex A). 1.5 Relationship with technical standards and management system The Regulation specifies the basic safety requirements of large-scale amusement facilities, and the technical standards and management systems related to large-scale amusement facilities shall not be less stringent than those in the Regulation. 1.6 Handling of special cases If the large-scale amusement facilities adopt new materials, new technologies and new processes, which are inconsistent with or not required by the Regulation and might have a significant impact on safety performance, the relevant units shall report to the State Administration for Market Regulation (hereinafter referred to as SAMR) which entrusts safety technical consulting organizations or relevant professional institution to conduct technical review, and the new materials, new technologies and new processes may be put into production and use only after the review results are approved by the State Administration for Market Regulation. 1.7 Supervision and administration Units that fabricate, operate and use large-scale amusement facilities, as well as inspection and testing institutions, shall strictly implement the Regulation, accept the supervision and administration of the market supervision and management department, in accordance with the relevant provisions for the special equipment informatization administration, and timely submit relevant information. 2 Materials 2.1 General requirements The selection of materials for large-scale amusement facilities shall be comprehensively considered according to the factors such as load characteristics, structural type, stress state, fabrication process and working environment. 2.2 Metal materials 2.2.1 Steel (1) Steel shall meet the requirements of relevant national and professional standards, with the mechanical properties, heat treatment properties, welding properties, etc. meeting the requirements of the actual working conditions; (2) If steel plate with through-thickness characteristics is adopted for welding load-bearing structural steel plate, the grades of through-thickness characteristics shall at least meet the requirements of Z15 in GB/T 5313 Steel plate with through-thickness characteristics; (3) Rimmed steel must not be used for structural parts. 2.2.2 Non-ferrous metal Non-ferrous metals shall meet the requirements of relevant national or professional standards, with the mechanical properties, heat treatment properties, welding properties, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, lubrication properties, etc. meeting the requirements of the actual working conditions. 2.3 Non-metal materials 2.3.1 Wood Wood shall meet the requirements of GB 50005 Code for design of timber structures, with its mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, combustion properties, etc. meeting the requirements of the actual working conditions. 2.3.2 Engineering plastics Engineering plastics for structures shall meet the requirements of relevant national or professional standards, with the mechanical properties, heat resistance, aging resistance, etc. meeting the requirements of the actual working conditions. 2.3.3 Rubber Rubber shall meet the requirements of relevant national or professional standards, with its mechanical properties, aging resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. meeting the requirements of the actual working conditions. 2.3.4 Glass Unbreakable organic glass or safety glass shall be adopted, with the organic glass sheet meeting those specified in GB/T 7134 Poly (methyl methacrylate) cast sheets and the safety glass meeting those specified in GB 15763 Safety glazing materials in building. The mechanical properties, thermal shock resistance, appearance quality, etc. of the glass shall meet the requirements of the actual working conditions. 2.3.5 Glass fiber reinforced plastics The materials and parts made of glass fiber reinforced plastics shall meet the following requirements: (1) The resin for making glass fiber reinforced plastic parts has good water resistance and aging resistance; (2) Alkali-free glass fiber with good surface wettability is used for the glass fiber reinforced plastic of the water slide of water slide device; (3) Glass fiber reinforced plastic parts are free from defects such as poor impregnation, poor curing, bubbles, delamination of cutting surface, uneven thickness, etc.; (4) The surface of glass fiber reinforced plastics is free from cracks, damages, cloth grain exposure, wrinkles, unevenness and other defects, with corner transition smooth without burr; (5) The mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced plastics shall meet the requirements of actual working conditions. 3 Design 3.1 General requirements (1) The fabrication unit shall be responsible for the design of large-scale amusement facilities, and ensure that the design of the large-scale amusement facilities meets the requirements of the Regulation to ensure the personal and property safety; (2) The large-scale amusement facilities shall be so designed that they are reasonable, convenient for operation and use, maintenance as well as inspection and testing, and meet the requirements of the place of use and the environment; (3) As for the large-scale amusement facilities and their main stressed components (Note 3-1), the design service life shall be clearly defined, which shall be specified according to design and calculation, risk assessment, service conditions and maintenance requirements, etc.; (4) The design documents for large-scale amusement facilities shall pass the design document appraisal. Foreword i 1 General provisions 2 Materials 3 Design 4 Fabrication 5 Installation, modification and repair 6 Use management 7 Inspection 8 Special requirements 9 Supplementary provisions Annex A Table for categorization and classification of large-scale amusement facilities Annex B Product quality certificate of large-scale amusement facilities Appendix b Product data sheet of large-scale amusement facilities Annex C Submission of inspection of large-scale amusement facilities Annex D Design document appraisal and requirements of large-scale amusement facilities Annex E Certificate for design document appraisal of large-scale amusement facilities Annex F Parameters in design document appraisal Annex G Detailed rules for type test of large-scale amusement facilities Annex H Type test certificate for special equipment (large-scale amusement facilities) Annex J Parameters of type test Annex K Items and requirements for supervision inspection and periodic inspection of large-scale amusement facilities 大型游乐设施安全技术规程 1 总则 1.1 目的 为了保障大型游乐设施的安全使用,预防和减少事故,保护人身和财产安全,促进经济社会发展,根据《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》《特种设备安全监察条例》,制定本规程。 1.2 大型游乐设施含义 本规程所称大型游乐设施,是指用于经营目的,承载乘客游乐的设备设施,其范围规定为设计最大运行线速度(注1-1)大于或者等于2m/s,或者运行高度(注1-2)高于或者等于2m的载人机电类游乐设备、水上游乐设施和无动力游乐设施(注1-3)。用于体育运动、文艺演出和非经营活动的设备设施除外。具体类别和品种由《特种设备目录》规定。 大型游乐设施包括大型游乐设施本体、与其安全运行不可分割的附属设备和固定在其本体上的装饰物,不包括大型游乐设施的配送电部分、基础和建(构)筑物部分。 注1-1:设计最大运行线速度(以下简称运行速度),是指设计的大型游乐设施在正常运行过程中乘客可能出现的最大线速度。 注1-2:运行高度,一般是指运行过程中乘客约束物支承面距安装基面的最大竖直距离;对于安装于建(构)筑物上的大型游乐设施的运行高度是指运行过程中乘客约束物支承面距跌落面的最大竖直距离;高空蹦极的运行高度是指起跳处距下落最低的水面或者地面的最大竖直距离;水滑梯的运行高度是指起滑处距下落最低的水面或者地面的最大竖直距离。 注1-3:运行速度和运行高度,一般以制造单位产品设计数据为判断依据,制造单位应当保证实际运行参数与设计数据、产品质量合格证明文件中参数的一致性。 1.3 适用范围 本规程适用于大型游乐设施的生产(包括设计、制造、安装、改造、修理)、使用、检验、检测和监督管理。 大型游乐设施的附属设备,如果属于其他种类的特种设备(如压力容器、压力管道、电梯等),按照相应设备的要求管理。 1.4 大型游乐设施分类分级 大型游乐设施按照相应的类别、型式和参数分为A级和B级,见大型游乐设施分类分级表(附件A)。 1.5 与技术标准、管理制度的关系 本规程规定了大型游乐设施的基本安全要求,有关大型游乐设施的技术标准、管理制度等不得低于本规程的要求。 1.6 特殊情况的处理 大型游乐设施采用新材料、新技术、新工艺,与本规程要求不一致的,或者本规程未作要求、可能对安全性能有重大影响的,相关单位应当向国家市场监督管理总局(以下简称市场监管总局)申报,由市场监管总局委托安全技术咨询机构或者相关专业机构进行技术评审,评审结果经市场监管总局批准,方可投入生产、使用。 1.7 监督管理 大型游乐设施生产、运营使用单位和检验、检测机构等,应当严格执行本规程,接受市场监督管理部门的监督管理,并且按照特种设备信息化管理的有关规定,及时报送有关信息。 2 材料 2.1 通用要求 大型游乐设施材料的选用应当根据其载荷特征、结构型式、应力状态、制造工艺和工作环境等因素综合考虑。 2.2 金属材料 2.2.1 钢材 (1)钢材应当符合相关国家或者行业标准要求,其力学性能、热处理性能、焊接性能等应当满足实际工况要求; (2)焊接承重结构钢板采用厚度方向性能钢板时,厚度方向性能级别至少应当符合GB/T 5313《厚度方向性能钢板》中Z15的要求; (3)结构件禁止使用沸腾钢。 2.2.2 有色金属 有色金属应当符合相关国家或者行业标准要求,其力学性能、热处理性能、焊接性能、耐磨性能、耐腐蚀性能、润滑性能等应当满足实际工况要求。 2.3 非金属材料 2.3.1 木材 木材应当符合GB 50005《木结构设计标准》的要求,其力学性能、耐腐蚀性、燃烧性能等应当满足实际工况要求。 2.3.2 工程塑料 结构用工程塑料应当符合相关国家或者行业标准要求,其力学性能、耐热性、抗老化性等应当满足实际工况要求。 2.3.3 橡胶 橡胶应当符合相关国家或者行业标准要求,其力学性能、抗老化性、耐腐蚀性等应当满足实际工况要求。 2.3.4 玻璃 玻璃应当采用不易破碎的有机玻璃或者安全玻璃,有机坡璃板材应当符合GB/T 7134《浇铸型工业有机玻璃板材》的规定,安全玻璃应当符合GB 15763《建筑用安全玻璃》的规定。 玻璃的力学性能、耐热冲击性和外观质量等应当满足实际工况要求。 2.3.5 玻璃钢 玻璃钢材料和玻璃钢件应当符合以下要求: (1)制作玻璃钢件的树脂有良好的耐水性和抗老化性; (2)水滑梯滑道的玻璃钢采用无碱玻璃纤维,纤维表面有良好的浸润性; (3)玻璃钢件不允许有浸渍不良、固化不良、气泡、切割面分层、厚度不匀等缺陷; (4)玻璃钢表面不允许有裂纹、破损、布纹显露、皱纹、凹凸不平等缺陷,转角过渡圆滑,不得有毛刺; (5)玻璃钢的力学性能满足实际工况要求。 3 设计 3.1 通用要求 (1)制造单位对大型游乐设施设计负责,确保大型游乐设施设计符合本规程要求,保证人身和财产安全; (2)大型游乐设施的设计应当合理,便于操作使用、维护保养、检验检测,满足使用场所和环境的要求; (3)大型游乐设施整机及其主要受力部件(注3-1)应当明确设计使用期限,设计使用期限应当根据设计计算、风险评价、使用条件、维护保养要求等确定; (4)大型游乐设施的设计文件,应当通过设计文件鉴定。 注3-1:主要受力部件是指失效后会直接导致乘客人身伤害的机械零部件。 3.2 风险评价 大型游乐设施在设计阶段应当按照GB/T 34371《游乐设施风险评价 总则》和GB/T 39043《游乐设施风险评价 危险源》进行风险评价,并出具风险评价报告。 3.3 设计计算 3.3.1 基本要求 大型游乐设施应当根据具体结构、载荷情况、工况分析和安全性要求进行相应的静强度、疲劳强度、刚度、稳定性、防倾覆、防侧滑等计算,满足设计和使用要求。 3.3.2 载荷 大型游乐设施应当根据运行环境、乘载和工况要求,对永久荷载、乘客载荷、乘客的支承和约束反力、惯性力、碰撞力等进行分析计算,还应当考虑振动载荷、风载荷、地震载荷、雪载荷、裹冰载荷、其他载荷和温度作用等影响。 大型游乐设施在运行过程中有可能产生冲击载荷时,应当考虑冲击系数并计算冲击载荷,避免冲击载荷对人员和设备造成伤害;对于运行速度低于2m/s的大型游乐设施,可不计算冲击载荷。 3.3.3 工况分析 大型游乐设施应当根据运行的不同阶段、不同载荷分布、不同姿态等工况进行分析,工况分析应当至少包括以下情况: (1)空载、偏载、满载使用条件下的正常运行工况; (2)急停、应急救援、维护保养等情况下的非正常运行工况; (3)台风、地震等当地极端条件下的极限状态工况。 3.3.4 载荷组合 根据工况分析,对大型游乐设施结构中所承受的各种载荷进行载荷组合,分别进行分析计算;非正常运行工况和极限状态工况下的载荷组合,不应当使结构产生破坏或者塑性变形。 3.3.5 静强度 采用许用安全系数法设计的大型游乐设施,重要的轴(销轴)和重要焊缝的静强度安全系数(注3-2)n≥5,其他零部件、焊缝和玻璃钢的静强度安全系数n≥3.5,由脆性材料制作的零部件的静强度安全系数n≥8。 采用极限状态设计法的大型游乐设施,金属零部件静强度应当符合GB 8408《大型游乐设施安全规范》中极限状态设计法的要求。 木结构的计算应当符合GB 50005的要求。 注3-2:材料极限应力与设计计算最大应力的比值为静强度安全系数。 3.3.6 疲劳强度 主要受力部件及重要焊缝应当进行疲劳强度校核,当循环载荷的最大计算应力小于材料的疲劳极限时,主要受力部件为无限寿命;当循环载荷的最大计算应力大于材料的疲劳极限时,应当结合疲劳载荷谱计算分析主要受力部件的设计使用期限。 3.3.7 刚度 有变形量要求的零部件和结构件,应当进行刚度计算。 3.3.8 稳定性 为防止结构失稳,细长、薄壁结构件应当进行整体和局部稳定性计算。 3.3.9 防倾覆 运行中有可能发生整体倾覆的大型游乐设施应当进行防倾覆计算。 3.3.10 防侧滑 运行中有可能发生侧向滑移的大型游乐设施应当进行防侧滑计算。 3.4 速度和加速度 3.4.1 速度限制要求 边运行边上下乘客的大型游乐设施或者辅助乘客上下的同步站台,其相对运行速度应当不大于0.3m/s,避免速度过快对乘客造成伤害。 有速度限制要求的大型游乐设施,其速度应当符合相关国家标准要求。 3.4.2 加速度限制要求 为了防止加速度过大或者持续时间过长对乘客造成伤害,大型游乐设施乘客的加速度及持续时间应当符合GB 8408的要求。 3.5 焊接设计 3.5.1 焊接接头设计 (1)焊缝金属应当与母材相适应,不同材质焊接的焊缝还应当有消除残余应力的措施; (2)焊接接头应当根据焊接结构型式、焊缝重要程度、焊接工艺方法,合理设计焊接接头坡口形状和尺寸; (3)不等厚焊件或者不等宽焊件相焊时,截面过渡应当平缓; (4)焊接接头应当避免或者减少应力集中区域。 3.5.2 焊缝分级 焊缝等级应当根据焊缝失效的可能性、失效后果的严重性、焊缝的可检测性等因素,经过风险评估确定。直接涉及人身安全的焊缝为重要焊缝,根据受力情况和接头形式,受力情况恶劣容易损伤或者失效的重要焊缝为Ⅰ级焊缝,其他重要焊缝为Ⅱ级焊缝;不直接涉及人身安全的为一般焊缝,根据受力情况和接头形式,受力情况恶劣容易损伤或者失效的一般焊缝为Ⅲ级焊缝,其他一般焊缝为Ⅳ级焊缝。 3.6 结构设计 (1)大型游乐设施的结构设计应当合理,避免或者减少应力集中; (2)乘人部分的支撑、轿厢、车辆等受力框架,应当采用金属材料或者其他高强度性能的非金属材料制成,在整体上应当为坚固的结构; (3)重要的轴(销轴)设计应当结构合理,过渡圆角适当,避免截面过分突变,减少应力集中; (4)重要的轴(销轴)等零部件的尺寸精度、形位公差、表面粗糙度应当满足工况要求; (5)零部件间的销轴连接应当有防脱落措施; (6)重要螺栓连接应当满足载荷要求,并采取防止螺栓松动的措施;螺栓安装后应当有明显的防松标识; (7)零部件吊装部位的强度和刚度应当满足吊装要求,防止吊装时产生塑性变形或者断裂; (8)玻璃钢件与结构件直接连接时应当有足够的强度,否则需要预埋满足强度要求的金属件; (9)在使用期间需要进行定期检查和无损检测的零部件应当使于检查和检测,需要拆卸的应当便于拆卸;对于无法进行检查和检测的零部件应当有保证其安全的措施; (10)检查孔和人孔的几何尺寸应当满足检查需要; (11)运行中可能产生共振造成人员伤害或者设备损坏的,应当采取措施避免共振; (12)经常和水接触的零部件应当采用防锈材料或者采取防锈措施; (13)结构件、检查孔等应当有防止积水和有效排水的措施。 3.7 传动系统 3.7.1 基本要求 (1)传动系统的设计,应当保证在传动失效情况下,大型游乐设施处于安全状态; (2)提升、吊挂乘人装置用的非金属零部件,其最小破断拉力与承受最大静荷载的比值应当不小于10; (3)沿斜坡提升,具有止逆行装置的滑行车类游乐设施,其牵引链条最小破断拉力与其承受最大静荷载的比值应当不小于5;提升、吊挂乘人装置用的链条,其最小破断拉力与承受最大静荷载的比值应当不小于8。 3.7.2 机械传动 3.7.2.1 一般要求 (1)机械传动应当满足大型游乐设施的实际工况要求,并且符合相关国家或行业标准要求; (2)采用皮带或者链传动时,应当设置可调整皮带或者链条的张紧机构; (3)摩擦传动应当有压紧力可调的装置或者措施; (4)弹性柱销联轴器不应当用于工作可靠性要求高的部位和场合,不应当用于高速、重载及有强烈冲击、振动或者安装精度低的轴系传动。 3.7.2.2 链条 传送动力的滚子链应当根据使用工况进行静强度、耐疲劳、耐磨损和抗胶合工作能力计算,选用的滚子链应当满足承载力、传输功率和互换性的要求。 链轮应当与滚子链相匹配,链传动的中心距和链条的松紧度应当满足实际工况要求。 3.7.2.3 钢丝绳 (1)钢丝绳的材料、结构形式、外观质量、力学性能等应当满足实际工况要求,保证钢丝绳及其附件使用的有效性和安全可靠性;在腐蚀环境中应当选用镀锌钢丝绳或者不锈钢钢丝绳; (2)摩擦传动用的钢丝绳直径应当不小于10mm,卷筒传动用的钢丝绳直径应当不小于6mm; (3)提升、吊挂乘人装置用的钢丝绳应当考虑端部固定效率,端部固定应当牢固、可靠;钢丝绳最小破断拉力与其承受最大静荷载的比值应当不小于10; (4)提升乘人装置用的卷筒、滑轮直径与钢丝绳直径之比应当不小于30;钢丝绳对滑轮包角不大于90°时,滑轮直径与钢丝绳直径之比应当不小于20; (5)滑行车和滑道类游乐设施提升系统,具有止逆行装置的,其牵引钢丝绳最小破断拉力与其承受最大静荷载的比值应当不小于5; (6)钢丝绳的终端在卷筒上应当留有不少于3圈的余量;当采用滑轮传动或者导向时,应当设置防止钢丝绳从滑轮上脱落和跳槽的结构; (7)沿钢丝绳运动的大型游乐设施,应当设置防止乘人装置脱落的保险装置,保险装置应当有足够的强度。 3.7.2.4 轴承 (1)轴承设计、选型应当考虑承载力、转速、寿命、润滑和温升等因素,应当能够满足实际工况要求; (2)轴承及接触面有相对运动的部位,应当有润滑措施,需要添加润滑剂的,应当便于操作; (3)使用中需要更换的轴承,应当在使用维护保养说明书中给出明确的更换要求。 3.7.3 液压(气动)系统 3.7.3.1 一般要求 (1)液压(气动)系统选择的所有组件应当能可靠运行,失效或者误动作不应当引起危险,保证使用安全; (2)液压(气动)系统应当有过压保护装置,保证系统的压力不会超过系统允许的最高压力和任何组件的额定压力,如果压力丧失或者压力过高会引起危险的,系统应当采取保护措施,避免人员面临危险; (3)液压(气动)系统的设计应当减少冲击的影响,冲击压力不应当引起危险; (4)乘人装置由油缸或者气缸支撑升降时,如果管道、软管、泵等失效可能导致乘客危险,应当设置有效的缓冲装置或者保护装置; (5)单作用活塞式液压缸或者气缸,应当在适当位置设置排液(气)口,以避免喷射出液体或者气体对人员造成危险; (6)对于通过蓄能器蓄能驱动乘载系统的液压(气动)系统,在上下乘客或者关机时应当能自动卸掉蓄能器的压力或者可靠地隔离蓄能器压力(上下乘客或者关机后仍需要压力的特殊情况除外)。 3.7.3.2 液压系统 (1)液压系统和液压元件的工作温度范围不应当超出规定的安全使用极限;在规定的最高或者最低环境温度下,设备应当能正常工作; (2)液压缸的设计应当满足实际工况要求,避免出现失稳、松动、意外增压、冲击和振动等造成的危险; (3)液压缸的安装位置应当便于安装调整,使负载的反作用力通过液压缸的中心线; (4)充气式蓄能器及其液压原理图应当有清晰的文字警告标识;如果充气式蓄能器系统中的组件或者管接头失效会引起危险,应当采取有效的防护措施; (5)管路、管接头、软管等零部件的额定压力,应当不低于其所在系统部位的最高工作压力;软管的总成应当符合GB/T 3766《液压传动 系统及其元件的通用规则和安全要求》; (6)工作流量较大的中、高压(≥12MPa)液压系统,应当有液压缓冲保护措施,以避免或者减少系统在起动及阀件切换时产生的液压冲击。 |
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TSG 71-2023, TSG/T 71-2023, TSGT 71-2023, TSG71-2023, TSG 71, TSG71, TSG/T71-2023, TSG/T 71, TSG/T71, TSGT71-2023, TSGT 71, TSGT71 |