SY/T 7802-2024 Risk assessment directives for onshore LNG facilities English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
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ICS
E
Professional standard of the People's Republic of China
SY/T 7802-2024
Risk assessment directives for onshore LNG facilities
陆上液化天然气设施风险评估导则
(English Translation)
Issue date: 2024-09-24 Implementation date: 2025-03-24
Issued by National Development and Reform Commission, P.R.C
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Abbreviations
5 General Requirements
6 Risk Criteria and Control Strategies
6.1 Risk Criteria
6.2 Control Strategies
7 Selection of Risk Assessment Methods
8 Commonly Used Risk Assessment Methods for LNG Facilities
8.1 Qualitative Risk Assessment Methods
8.2 Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment
8.3 Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)
9 Important Accident Scenarios for LNG Facilities
9.1 General
9.2 Major Accident Scenarios (MAS) for LNG Receiving and Vaporization/Export Facilities
9.3 Natural Gas Liquefaction Facilities
9.4 Event Chains for Important Accident Scenarios
10 Risk Assessment Report
Appendix A (Informative) HAZID Checklist
Appendix B (Informative) Failure Probability Data
Appendix C (Informative) Common Risk Metrics Used in QRA
Appendix D (Informative) Common Important Accident Scenarios
Appendix E (Informative) Event Chains for Important Accident Scenarios
Bibliography
Guideline for Risk Assessment of Onshore Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities
1 Scope
This document specifies the general requirements, risk criteria, control strategies and risk indicators, selection of risk assessment methods, commonly used risk assessment methods for LNG facilities, important accident scenarios for LNG facilities, and requirements for risk assessment reports for the risk assessment of onshore Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facilities.
This document applies to the risk assessment of all facilities within the physical boundaries of onshore LNG production, storage, and station areas or plant areas.
Note: LNG facilities include inseparable off-site (plant/station) works, such as LNG jetties, off-site (plant/station) LNG pipe racks, etc. The media also include other flammable and hazardous substances in the process, such as liquefied petroleum gas, ethane, propane, refrigerants, compressed natural gas, odorants, etc.
2 Normative References
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 18218 Identification of major hazard installations for dangerous chemicals
GB/T 20368 Liquefied natural gas (LNG) — Production, storage and handling
GB/T 20438.5 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems — Part 5: Examples of methods for the determination of safety integrity levels
GB/T 21109.3 Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector — Part 3: Guidance for the determination of the required safety integrity levels
GB/T 22724 Liquefied natural gas equipment and installations — Design of onshore installations
GB/T 27921 Risk management — Risk assessment techniques
GB/T 35320 Guidelines for application of hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP analysis)
GB 36894 Risk benchmark for hazardous chemicals production units and storage installations
GB/T 37243 Determination method of external safety distance for hazardous chemicals production units and storage installations
GB 50183 Code for fire protection design of petroleum and natural gas engineering
AQ/T 3046 Guidelines for quantitative risk assessment of chemical enterprises
AQ/T 3049 Guidelines for application of hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP analysis)
AQ/T 3054 Guidelines for application of layer of protection analysis (LOPA)
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
hazard
A physical condition caused by potential failure or the release of a hazardous substance, which can lead to casualties, property loss, or environmental damage.
Note: A hazard can be a source of risk, i.e., an intrinsic element that alone or in combination initiates risk.
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.5.1.4, modified]
3.2
hazardous event
An event that can cause or result in harm.
Note: In this document, it is commonly used interchangeably with "event".
[Source: ISO 17776-2016, 3.1.9, modified]
3.3
risk acceptance
A decision, based on risk criteria, to accept a specific risk.
Note: The risk corresponding to risk acceptance is acceptable risk. Under strict distinction, acceptable risk is a level of risk based on risk criteria, while tolerable risk is the assumable risk after risk treatment that aligns with the willingness of the organization or stakeholders and meets legal and regulatory requirements. Tolerable risk may be higher than acceptable risk. In this document, the two terms are used equivalently.
[Source: GB/T 26610.1-2022, 3.17, modified]
3.4
cost benefit analysis (CBA)
A method for evaluating the relative costs and benefits of multiple options for risk reduction.
Note: It is typically represented graphically to show the ranking of options evaluated for risk reduction.
3.5
cost to avert a fatality (CAF)
The ratio of the economic cost of implementing a risk protection/mitigation measure to the potential loss of life thereby averted.
Note: CAF is a measure of the effectiveness of a protection/mitigation measure.
3.6
domino effect
A phenomenon where a primary accident at a hazard installation (e.g., fire heat radiation, explosion shock waves, projectiles, or toxic substances) may cause secondary accidents in other units or adjacent sites, potentially leading to tertiary or higher-level accidents sequentially.
Note 1: Includes interactions between units, between storage facilities, and between units and storage facilities, regardless of whether they are inside or outside the enterprise.
Note 2: Does not include harm directly caused by the primary accident to surrounding personnel and facilities.
3.7
risk assessment
The overall process comprising risk identification, risk analysis, and risk evaluation.
Note 1: Risk analysis is the process of comprehending the nature of risk and determining the level of risk. It includes risk estimation, which involves determining the probability and consequences of risk.
Note 2: Risk analysis, as the process of comprehending the nature of risk and determining the level of risk, is the foundation for risk evaluation and risk treatment decisions.
Note 3: Risk estimation includes factors such as costs, benefits, those affected by the risk, and other elements suitable for risk assessment.
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.4.1, modified]
3.8
risk treatment
A process to modify risk.
Note 1: Risk treatment may create new risks. Risk treatment can also include taking or increasing risk in order to pursue an opportunity, or retaining risk after a deliberate decision.
Note 2: Risk treatment dealing with negative consequences is sometimes referred to as "risk mitigation", "risk elimination", "risk prevention", or "risk reduction".
[Source: GB/T 26610.1-2022, 3.22, modified]
3.9
risk register
A record of information on identified risks, also a hazard management document.
Note: Commonly used interchangeably with "risk log".
[Source: GB/T 23694-2013, 4.8.2.4, modified]
3.10
showstopper
A design scheme or in-service condition where the risk level is unacceptable and cannot be reduced to an acceptable level through risk treatment.
3.11
major accident (MA)
A hazardous event resulting in death or serious injury to persons, or causing damage to structures, installations, or plant buildings, or having a significant impact on the environment.
Note: In this document, a major accident is the realization of a major hazard.
[Source: ISO 17776-2016, 3.1.12, modified]
3.12
credible accident scenarios (CAS)
Through risk identification, all accident scenarios identified from major accident scenarios that are realistic and have a frequency not less than 10⁻⁵ per year.
Note: The scenario with the most severe accident consequences among these is called the maximum credible accident scenario.
