SY/T 6945-2024 Guidelines on the failure analysis for petroleum tubular goods and equipmentmaterials English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
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ICS
E
Professional standard of the People's Republic of China
SY/T 6945-2024
Replaces SY/T 6945-2013
Guidelines on the failure analysis for petroleum tubular goods and equipment materials
石油管材与装备材料失效分析导则
(English Translation)
Issue date: 2024-12-25 Implementation date: 2025-06-25
Issued by National Development and Reform Commission, P.R.C
Contents
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Characteristics and Main Factors of Failure
4.1 Characteristics of Failure
4.2 Main Sources of Failure
5 Principles, Methods, and Role of Failure Analysis
5.1 Principles of Failure Analysis
5.2 Methods of Failure Analysis
6 General Procedures for Failure Analysis
6.1 General Requirements
6.2 Basic Procedures for Failure Analysis
6.3 Management of Failure Analysis
7 Failure Prevention Measures
7.1 Reasonable Material Selection
7.2 Reasonable Structural Design
7.3 Reasonable Processing and Assembly
7.4 Monitoring, Inspection, and Safety Assessment
7.5 Reasonable Use and Maintenance
7.6 Use Restriction and Scrapping
7.7 Intelligent Methods for Failure Prediction and Prevention
7.8 Strict Compliance with Operating Specifications
8 Failure Analysis Organizations and Personnel
8.1 Failure Analysis Organizations
8.2 Failure Analysis Personnel
Appendix A (Informative) Analysis of Typical Failure Modes for Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials
Bibliography
Guidelines for Failure Analysis of Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials
1 Scope
This document presents the characteristics and main factors of failure for petroleum tubular goods and equipment materials, specifies the principles and methods for failure analysis, general procedures for failure analysis, failure prevention measures, and failure analysis organizations and personnel.
This document applies to the failure analysis of petroleum tubular goods such as oil well pipes, transmission pipes, and pipes for refining and chemical use, as well as materials for various petroleum drilling and production equipment, transmission equipment, refining and chemical equipment. Material failure analysis for offshore engineering equipment and metal pressure vessels may refer to this document.
2 Normative References
The following documents contain provisions which, through normative reference in this text, constitute essential provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 7826 Analysis techniques for system reliability — Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
failure
A state where a part or component of a mechanical product loses or partially loses the function originally specified by design, becomes damaged and completely unable to operate reliably and safely due to reasons such as design, material selection, processing, assembly, service conditions, or operation.
3.2
early failure
Failure occurring during the initial period of use, primarily induced by defects in design and manufacturing, etc. The early stage is a period of high failure incidence, with a relatively high early failure rate, after which the failure rate will decrease.
3.3
random failure
accidental failure
Random or accidental failures occurring due to偶然 changes in the environment, human errors during operation, or poor management.
3.4
degradation failure
damage accumulation failure
A large number of failures occurring as products or components approach the end of their service life.
3.5
failure analysis
A collective term for technical and management activities carried out according to a specific line of thinking and methods to determine the nature of failure, analyze the causes and mechanisms of failure, and study methods for handling failure incidents and preventive measures.
3.6
failure mode
The macroscopic manifestation form and process regularity of failure.
3.7
failure rate
The probability, for a product that has not failed up to a certain time, of failing per unit time after that time.
3.8
failure parts
Components that have lost their specified function and serve as the main object of failure analysis.
3.9
failure cause
The direct, key factor that leads to failure or even an accident.
3.10
macroscopic analysis
Analysis conducted from a broad perspective, externally observable by the naked eye or a low-power magnifying glass, in contrast to microscopic analysis.
3.11
microanalysis
Microscopic study of the morphology (shape, size, distribution, etc.), crystal structure, chemical composition, and fracture surfaces of various phases in metals and alloys.
3.12
metallography
Constituents in the chemical composition, crystal structure, and physical properties of a metal that are the same, including solid solutions, intermetallic compounds, and pure substances.
3.13
microstructure
The specific morphological manifestation of the metallographic structure of a metal, such as martensite, pearlite, ferrite, etc.
3.14
mechanical property
The mechanical characteristics exhibited by a material under various external loads (tension, compression, bending, torsion, impact, cyclic stress, etc.) in different environments (temperature, medium, humidity).
3.15
defect
A sufficiently large imperfection that may lead to product or component failure and serves as a basis for product rejection.
3.16
fracture surface
A pair of matching fracture surfaces and their appearance morphology generated after a metal component breaks.
3.17
fracture analysis
Examination of the fracture surface of a failed metal component and analysis of the cause of its fracture.
3.18
overload fracture
Fracture caused by stress exceeding the ultimate strength of the material due to an applied external load.
[SOURCE: T/CSTM 00276-2020, 3.2.8]
3.19
brittle fracture
A fracture phenomenon accompanied by almost no plastic deformation macroscopically.
[SOURCE: T/CSTM 00276-2020, 3.2.11]
