SY/T 5587.10-2024 Code for conventional workover jobPart10:hydraulically sandblasted perforation English, Anglais, Englisch, Inglés, えいご
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ICS
E
Professional standard of the People's Republic of China
SY/T 5587.10-2024
Replaces SY/T 5587.10-2012
Code for conventional workover job - Part10: hydraulically sandblasted perforation
常规修井作业规程 第10部分：水力喷砂射孔
(English Translation)
Issue date: 2024-12-25 Implementation date: 2025-06-25
Issued by National Development and Reform Commission, P.R.C
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms
4 Operational Design
5 Operational Preparation
6 Operational Procedures and Quality Control
7 Occupational Health, Safety and Environmental Protection Requirements
8 Data Recording
Appendix A (Informative) Calculation Formulas for Hydraulic Sand Jet Perforating Operational Parameters
Appendix B (Informative) Recommended Nozzle Specifications and Operational Parameters
Code for Conventional Workover Operations — Part 10: Hydraulic Sand Jet Perforating
1 Scope
This document specifies the operational design, operational preparation, operational procedures and quality control, occupational health, safety and environmental protection requirements, and data recording requirements for hydraulic sand jet perforating operations in oil, gas, and water wells.
This document applies to hydraulic sand jet perforating operations inside the casing of oil, gas, and water wells.
2 Normative References
The following documents contain provisions which, through normative reference in this text, constitute essential provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies.
AQ/T 2041 Standardization for safety production of petroleum industry — Implementation specification for downhole operation
SY/T 5108 Recommended practice for measuring properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations
SY/T 5170 Steel wire ropes for petroleum and natural gas industries
SY/T 5587.3 Code for conventional workover operation — Part 3: Well killing, displacing and flowing induction
SY/T 5587.5 Code for conventional workover operation — Part 5: Preparation of wellbore for downhole operation
SY/T 5727 Safety code for downhole operation
SY/T 6127 Specification for downhole operation data acquisition project for oil, gas and water wells
SY/T 6690 Technical code for well control for downhole operation
SY/T 7305 Technical code for coiled tubing operation
3 Terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
sand jetting perforation
A technique that utilizes high-velocity fluid jets, adding a certain amount of jetting material to the fluid, to continuously penetrate the casing, cement sheath, and formation.
3.2
jetting tool
A downhole tool with specific geometric dimensions and strength, which, when fluid passes through under certain pressure, forms a high-velocity jet stream to achieve perforation.
3.3
mechanical casing collar locator
A locating tool used during the lifting process of coiled tubing. It utilizes the gap characteristic at casing collars. When the tool passes through, protruding blocks pressed by elastic force generate an additional load, thereby identifying the position of the casing collar.
4 Operational Design
The operational design shall be prepared based on the geological design and engineering design of the operation well. The operational design shall include, but not be limited to, the following content:
a)Design basis, basic data, operational purpose, operational equipment, required materials, well condition reminders, wellhead equipment, and historical operation conditions;
b) Casing specifications and grade, casing collar data for the jetting interval, cementing quality, reservoir lithology, and formation pressure;
c) Specifications and length of the original well tubing and perforating tubing, names, specifications, and setting depths of downhole tools, and a schematic diagram of the pipe string;
d) Operational procedures and technical requirements, pumping procedure, risk control measures, and well control requirements;
e) If coiled tubing is used, emergency response procedures should also be included;
f) Simulation calculation of operational parameters, with formulas for calculating operational parameters shown in Appendix A;
g) Properties of the working fluid and jetting material;
h) Occupational health, safety, and environmental protection requirements.
5 Operational Preparation
5.1 Equipment and Wellhead Preparation
5.1.1 According to the requirements of the hydraulic sand jet perforating design, well control devices, a pumping system, a circulating system, and a flowback system shall be provided on-site. Conventional hydraulic sand jet perforating operations shall also be equipped with a workover rig. If coiled tubing operations are used, the well control devices shall comply with the provisions of SY/T 6690, and other surface preparations shall comply with the provisions of SY/T 7305.
5.1.2 The wellhead equipment shall be selected based on the wellhead pressure predicted by simulation calculation of operational parameters and the expected formation pressure. Standard fracturing wellheads of 70 MPa or 105 MPa are recommended.
5.1.3 Install verified and qualified monitoring and measuring devices such as pump pressure gauges, flow meters, and densitometers.
5.2 Wellbore Preparation
Requirements for wellbore preparation, including drifting, scraping, flushing, and pressure testing, shall comply with the provisions of SY/T 5587.5.
5.3 Pipe String Assembly
5.3.1 Conventional tubing workover string assembly (from bottom to top):
a) Bull plug + screen pipe + check valve + jetting tool + tubing + hydraulic anchor + safety joint + tubing;
b) Guide plug + Y211 packer + jetting tool + safety joint + tubing.
5.3.2 Coiled tubing string assembly (from bottom to top):
a) Blanking plug + casing collar locator + jetting tool + centralizer + disconnect tool + connector;
b) Bull plug + casing collar locator + Y211 packer + circulation valve + jetting tool + centralizer + disconnect tool + connector.
5.4 Preparation of Working Fluid and Jetting Material
5.4.1 The working fluid should be selected based on good proppant carrying capacity, low friction, low fluid loss, and compatibility with the formation.
5.4.2 Guar gum base fluid or slick water is recommended as the carrier fluid, with a viscosity of 30 mPa•s ~ 40 mPa•s. Additives such as flowback aids, clay stabilizers, demulsifiers, and bactericides may be added depending on specific conditions.
5.4.3 For the purpose of rapidly penetrating the casing, the type, particle size, hardness, and roundness of the jetting material shall be optimized. 20/40 mesh or 40/70 mesh fracturing quartz sand is recommended, with quality complying with the provisions of SY/T 5108.
6 Operational Procedures and Quality Control
6.1 Operational Procedures
6.1.1 The conventional tubing sand jet perforating operational procedure is as follows:
a) Use a casing collar locator for positioning. For gas-tight casings, positioning should be done using gamma ray data and the location of short casing joints to verify the perforation depth.
b) Run the sand jet perforating string to the predetermined depth.
c) After normal circulation and flushing, drop a ball and start the pump to set the hydraulic anchor (if a pipe string with a packer is used, set the packer). Conduct a test jetting: once the displacement and pump pressure stabilize, start adding sand for formal jetting. The jet velocity should not be lower than 160 m/s. The effective jetting time is 10 min ~ 20 min. The sand ratio is 5% ~ 8%. The annulus should be kept open during jetting. Nozzle size and operational parameters are shown in Appendix B (recommended jetting velocity 160 m/s ~ 220 m/s).
d) Once the jetting time is reached, stop adding sand. Continue to displace with 1.5 times the tubing volume at the jetting displacement. Then gradually reduce the displacement and displace with another 1.5 times the casing volume.
e) For multi-stage sand jet perforating, jet sequentially from the bottom upwards.
f) After perforation is completed, circulate out the sand-laden fluid and flush the well. After ensuring the returned fluid is free of sand particles, conduct a squeezing test to verify the success of the perforation before proceeding with the next step.
6.1.2 The coiled tubing sand jet perforating operational procedure is as follows:
a) Run the sand jet perforating string to the predetermined depth.
b) Use a casing collar locator for positioning. For gas-tight casings, positioning should be done using gamma ray data and the location of short casing joints to verify the depth of the jetting tool.
c) Displace one tubing volume of fluid at a low circulation rate.
d) Jetting should be carried out using the following parameters: sand ratio 5% ~ 8%, effective jetting time 10 min ~ 20 min. A choke should be used to control wellhead back pressure during jetting. Nozzle size and operational parameters are shown in Appendix B (recommended jetting velocity 160 m/s ~ 220 m/s).
