标准编号:	NB/T 47013.3-2023
中文名称:	承压设备无损检测 第3部分：超声检测
英文名称:	Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments.Part 3: Ultrasonic testing
行业分类:	NB    能源行业标准
发布机构:	国家能源局
发布日期:	2023-12-28
实施日期:	2024-6-28
标准状态:	现行
替代旧标准:	NB/T 47013.3-2015 承压设备无损检测 第3部分:超声检测
翻译语言:	英文
文件格式:	PDF
中文字符数:	140000 字
翻译价格(元):	12000.00 元
交付时间:	付款后 1 个工作日

NB/T 47013.3-2023 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing



1 Scope



1.1 This document specifies the ultrasonic testing methods and quality rating requirements for pressure equipment using A-mode pulse reflection method.



1.2 This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of raw materials, parts and components and welded joints made of metallic materials during the production and use of pressure equipment.



1.3 The ultrasonic testing of metallic supports and structural members (including welded joints) related to pressure equipment may also be carried out with reference to this document.



1.4 When the ultrasonic imaging technology combining A-display and other display methods is used for testing, this document may also serve as a reference.



2 Normative references



The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.



GB/T 699 Quality carbon structure steels

GB/T 11259 Non-destructive testing - Practice for fabrication and control of steel reference blocks used in ultrasonic testing

GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic testing

GB/T 27664.1 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1: Instruments

GB/T 27664.2 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2: Probes

GB/T 29460 Safety assessment for electrofusion joint of polyethylene pipes containing defects

GB/T 30579 Damage modes identification for pressure equipments

JB/T 8428 Non-destructive testing - General specification for ultrasonic blocks

JB/T 9214 Non-destructive testing - Test methods for evaluating performance characteristics of A-scan pulse-echo ultrasonic testing systems

JB/T 10062 Testing methods for performance of probes used in ultrasonic flaw detection

NB/T 47013.1 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 1: General requirements

NB/T 47013.15 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 15: Phased-array ultrasonic testing

ISO/IEC 17025 Testing and calibration laboratories



3 Terms and definitions



For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions specified in GB/T 12604.1 and NB/T 47013.1 and the following apply.



3.1

reduction of backwall echo BG/BF

ratio of the first backwall echo BG in the intact area close to the flaw place to the first backwall echo BF within the flaw place during forging inspection, which is expressed by their relative gain value (dB)



3.2

clustered indications

five or more flaw reflection signals existing in a cubic area with a side length of 50mm during forging inspection, whose reflected amplitude is greater than or equal to the equivalent of a specific flat-bottomed hole



3.3

reference sensitivity

sensitivity of regulating the echo height of reference reflector on the reference block or the backwall echo height of the tested workpiece to a certain reference



3.4

evaluation sensitivity

sensitivity adjusted based on the reference sensitivity by considering factors such as surface roughness, curvature and material differences between the reference block and the tested workpiece, which is mainly used for workpiece testing and flaw evaluation



3.5

scanning sensitivity

sensitivity by properly improving the instrument gain (dB value) for actual testing and scanning based on the evaluation sensitivity



3.6

flaw height

distance between the upper and lower ends of the flaw in the thickness direction of the workpiece



3.7

echodynamic patterns

envelope of the reflector echo amplitude change when the probe and the reflector move relatively



3.8

base material thickness, t



a) by raw materials and parts and components:



1) for plates and pipes, t is the nominal thickness;



2) for clad steel plates, t is the nominal thickness of the base;



3) for annular or cylindrical forgings, t is the thickness of the cylindrical body; for cake-shaped or similar forgings, t is the minimum thickness; for other types of forgings, t is generally the dimension in the testing direction, or the dimension along the radial or axial direction.



b) by welded joints:



1) for plate butt welded joints, if the base metal thicknesses at both sides of weld are the same, t is the nominal thickness of base material; if not, t is the nominal thickness of the thinner side of the base material;



2) for plug-in nozzle fillet joints, t is the nominal thickness of the cylinder (or the head or the main pipe); for mounted fillet joints for nozzle and cylinder (or head or main pipe), t is the nominal thickness of nozzle.



3) for T-shaped welded joints, t is the nominal thickness of web.



4 General requirements



4.1 Testing personnel



4.1.1 The general requirements for ultrasonic testing personnel shall comply with NB/T 47013.1.



4.1.2 Besides knowing and grasping the basic theory knowledge and having necessary experience on ultrasonic, the ultrasonic testing personnel shall have a basic knowledge of metallic materials, equipment manufacture and installation, welding, heat treatment, etc., and shall be familiar with the materials, manufacturing processes, acoustic characteristics and the like of the tested workpiece and be able to analyze, judge and handle the problems arising from the test.



4.2 Testing equipment and apparatus



4.2.1 Product quality certificates of ultrasonic testing instruments (hereinafter referred to as "instruments") and probes



The product quality certificate of instruments shall provide at least the following main performance parameters: warm-up time, voltages for low-voltage alarming or low-voltage automatic shutdown, transmitted pulse repetition frequency, effective output impedance, transmitted pulse voltage, transmitted pulse rise time, transmitted pulse width (where square-wave pulse is adopted as transmitted pulse), frequency band of receiving circuit, etc. The product quality certificate of probes shall provide main parameters such as center frequency, bandwidth, impedance or static capacitance, relative pulse echo sensitivity, angle-beam probe acoustic beam performance (including point of incidence or front distance of probe, angle of refraction β or K value of the probe, etc.).



4.2.2 Instrument, probe and their combined performance



4.2.2.1 Instrument



A-scan pulse-echo ultrasonic testing instrument is adopted, and its working frequency range shall be at least 0.5MHz to 10MHz when measured according to -3dB. The performance index of the instrument shall meet the requirements of Annex A, and certification documents issued by a third-party laboratory recognized by ISO/IEC 17025 shall be provided according to the specification and model.



4.2.2.2 Probe



The diameter of circular wafer shall generally not be greater than 40mm, and the length of either side of square wafer shall generally not be greater than 40mm. The performance index of the probe shall meet the requirements of Annex B and certification documents issued by a third-party laboratory recognized by ISO/IEC 17025 shall be provided according to the specification and model.



4.2.2.3 Combined performance of instrument and probe



4.2.2.3.1 The combined performance of instrument and probe includes horizontal linearity, vertical linearity, combined frequency, sensitivity allowance, dead zone (for normal probe only) and far-field resolution.



4.2.2.3.2 The combined performance of instrument and probe shall be determined in case of any of the following situations:



a) ultrasonic testing instruments and/or probes are newly purchased;



b) the main components of the instrument and probe are repaired or replaced;



c) the testing personnel have doubts.



4.2.2.3.3 The horizontal linear deviation shall not exceed 1%, and the vertical linear deviation shall not exceed 5%.



4.2.2.3.4 The deviation between the combined frequency of the instrument and probe and the nominal frequency of the probe shall not be greater than 10%.



4.2.2.3.5 The combined performance of the instrument and the normal probe shall also meet the following requirements:



a) the sensitivity allowance shall not be less than 32dB;



b) under the evaluation sensitivity, the dead zone shall not be greater than 10mm for the probe with a nominal frequency of 5MHz, and not be greater than 15mm for the probe with a nominal frequency of 2.5MHz;



c) the far-field resolution of the normal probe shall not be less than 20dB.



4.2.2.3.6 The combined performance of the instrument and the angle-beam probe shall also meet the following requirements:



a) the sensitivity allowance shall not be less than 42dB;



b) the far-field resolution of the angle-beam probe shall not be less than 12dB.



4.2.2.3.7 The effective sensitivity allowance shall not be less than 10dB when the maximum testing sound path of the workpiece is reached.



4.2.2.3.8 The combined frequency of instrument and probe shall be tested in accordance with JB/T 10062, and other combined performances shall be tested in accordance with JB/T 9214.



4.2.3 Test block



4.2.3.1 Standard block



4.2.3.1.1 The standard block shall be the material block with specified chemical composition, surface roughness, heat treatment and geometric shape, which is used to evaluate and calibrate the performance of instrument probe system. The standard blocks adopted in this document are CSK-IA, DZ-I and DB-P Z20-2.



4.2.3.1.2 The specific geometric shape, dimension and surface roughness of CSK-IA shall meet the requirements of this document, while those of DZ-I and DB-P Z20-2 shall meet the requirements of JB/T 9214.



4.2.3.1.3 The manufacturing and dimensional precision of the standard block shall meet the requirements of JB/T 8428. The manufacturer of the test block shall provide the product quality certificate, and ensure that the maximum reflection amplitude difference of each standard block manufactured by it shall be less than or equal to 2dB when compared with the same reflector (surface) on the national standard sample or similar standard block with value dissemination benchmark under the same test conditions.

Foreword i
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General requirements
5 Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of raw materials or parts and components for pressure equipment
6 Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of welded joints for pressure equipment
7 Ultrasonic measurement of thickness of pressure equipment
8 Ultrasonic testing method for pressure equipment in use
9 Ultrasonic testing records and report
Annex A (Normative) Electrical performance indicator requirements for ultrasonic instrument
Annex B (Normative) Performance indicator requirements for ultrasonic testing probe
Annex C (Normative) Performance requirements for dual-transducer normal-beam probe
Annex D (Normative) Testing method and acceptance criteria for plates for pressure equipment using ultrasonic angle-beam probe
Annex E (Normative) Testing method and quality rating for annular and cylindrical carbon steel and low alloy steel forgings for pressure equipment using ultrasonic angle-beam probe
Annex F (Normative) Testing method for annular and cylindrical austenitic stainless steel forgings for pressure equipment using ultrasonic angle-beam probe
Annex G (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for surfacing layer of pressure equipment
Annex H (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for butt joints of aluminum, aluminum alloy and titanium pressure equipment
Annex I (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for austenitic stainless steel and nickel-based alloy welded joints of pressure equipment
Annex J (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method of curved longitudinal butt joint of pressure equipment
Annex K (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method of curved circumferential butt joint of pressure equipment
Annex L (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for fillet joint between nozzle and cylinder (or head) of pressure equipment
Annex M (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for T-shaped welded joints of pressure equipment
Annex N (Normative) Specific requirements for ultrasonic testing of different types of welded joints
Annex O (Normative) CSK-IIIA block
Annex P (Normative) Determination of loss difference in acoustic energy transmission
Annex Q (Normative) Echodynamic patterns
Annex R (Normative) Flaw height determination method (I): Endpoint diffraction wave method
Annex S (Normative) Flaw height determination method (II): End maximum wave height method
Annex T (Normative) Flaw height determination method (III): -6dB-drop technique
Annex U (Informative) Ultrasonic testing method for pressure equipment using imaging technology

NB/T 47013.3-2023 承压设备无损检测 第3部分：超声检测
1 范围
1.1 本文件规定了承压设备采用A型脉冲反射法超声检测的方法和质量等级评定要求。
1.2 本文件适用于承压设备生产和使用过程中金属材料制原材料、零部件和焊接接头的超声检测。
1.3 与承压设备有关的金属材料制支承件和结构件(包括焊接接头)的超声检测，可参照本文件的规定执行。
1.4 当采用A型显示和其他显示方式相结合的超声成像技术进行检测时，也可参照本文件的规定执行。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 699 优质碳素结构钢
GB/T 11259 无损检测 超声检测用钢参考试块的制作和控制方法
GB/T 12604.1 无损检测 术语 超声检测
GB/T 27664.1 无损检测 超声检测设备的性能与检验 第1部分：仪器
GB/T 27664.2 无损检测 超声检测设备的性能与检验 第2部分，探头
GB/T 29460 含缺陷聚乙烯管道电熔接头安全评定
GB/T 30579 承压设备损伤模式识别
JB/T 8428 无损检测 超声试块通用规范
JB/T 9214 无损检测 A型脉冲反射式超声检测系统工作性能测试方法
JB/T 10062 超声探伤用探头性能测试方法
NB/T 47013.1 承压设备无损检测 第1部分：通用要求
NB/T 47013.15 承压设备无损检测 第15部分，相控阵超声检测
ISO/IEC 17025 Testing and calibration laboratories
3 术语和定义
GB/T 12604.1和NB/T 47013.1界定的以及下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
底波降低量BG/BF reduction of backwall echo BG/BF
锻件检测时，在靠近缺陷处的完好区域内第一次底面回波波幅BG与缺陷区域内的第一次底面回波波幅BF的比值，[用二者相对增益值(dB值)来表示]。
3.2
密集区缺陷 clustered indications
锻件检测时，边长为50mm的立方体区域内同时存在5个或5个以上且其反射波幅均大于或等于某一特定平底孔当量的缺陷反射信号。
3.3
参考灵敏度 reference sensitivity
将对比试块上参考反射体的回波高度或被检工件的底面回波高度调整到某一基准时的灵敏度。
3.4
基准灵敏度 evaluation sensitivity
在参考灵敏度基础上，考虑对比试块与被检工件之间因表面粗糙度不同、曲率不同、材质差异等因素进行调整后所得到的灵敏度。基准灵敏度主要用于工件的检测和缺陷的评定。
3.5
扫查灵敏度 scanning sensitivity
在基准灵敏度基础上，适当提高仪器增益(dB值)后用于实际检测扫查的灵敏度。
3.6
缺陷高度 flaw height
缺陷上下端点在工件厚度方向上的距离。
3.7
回波动态波形 echodynamic patterns
探头与反射体相对移动时，反射体回波波幅变化的包络线。
3.8
工件厚度t base material thickness
a) 原材料、零部件：
1) 对于板材和管材，工件厚度t为其公称厚度。
2) 对于复合钢板，工件厚度t为基材公称厚度。
3) 对于环形或筒形锻件，工件厚度t为筒体厚度；对于饼形或类似锻件，工件厚度t为其最小厚度；对于其他类型锻件，工件厚度t一般指检测方向上的尺寸，或指沿径向或轴向的尺寸。
b) 焊接接头：
1) 对于平板对接接头，焊缝两侧母材厚度相等时，工件厚度t为母材公称厚度；焊缝两侧母材厚度不等时，工件厚度t为薄侧母材公称厚度。
2) 对于插入式接管角接接头，工件厚度t为筒体(或封头或母管)公称厚度；对于接管与筒体(或封头或母管)安放式角接接头，工件厚度t为接管公称厚度。
3) 对于T形焊接接头，工件厚度t为腹板公称厚度。
4 一般要求
4.1 检测人员
4.1.1 对超声检测人员的一般要求应符合NB/T 47013.1的规定。
4.1.2 超声检测人员除理解和掌握基本的超声理论和必要的实践经验外，还应具备一定的金属材料、设备制造安装、焊接及热处理等方面的基本知识，熟悉被检工件的材质、制造工艺及声学特性等，并能对检测中出现的问题能作出分析、判断和处理。
4.2 检测设备和器材
4.2.1 超声检测仪器(以下简称“仪器”)和探头产品质量合格证明
仪器产品质量合格证中应至少给出预热时间、低电压报警电压或低电压自动关机电压、发射脉冲重复频率、有效输出阻抗、发射脉冲电压、发射脉冲上升时间、发射脉冲宽度(采用方波脉冲作为发射脉冲时)以及接收电路频带等主要性能参数；探头质量合格证中应给出中心频率、带宽、电阻抗或静电容、相对脉冲回波灵敏度以及斜探头声束性能(包括探头入射点或前沿、探头折射角β或K值等)等主要参数。
4.2.2 仪器、探头和组合性能
4.2.2.1 仪器
采用A型脉冲反射式超声检测仪，其工作频率按－3dB测量应至少包括0.5MHz～10MHz频率范围，仪器的性能指标应满足附录A的要求，并按规格型号提供具有ISO/IEC 17025认可的第三方实验室出具的证明文件。
4.2.2.2 探头
圆形晶片直径一般应小于或等于40mm，方形晶片任一边长一般应不大于40mm，探头的性能指标应满足附录B的要求，并按规格型号提供具有ISO/IEC 17025认可的第三方实验室出具的证明文件。
4.2.2.3 仪器和探头的组合性能
4.2.2.3.1 仪器和探头的组合性能包括水平线性、垂直线性、组合频率、灵敏度余量、盲区(仅限直探头)和远场分辨力。
4.2.2.3.2 在下列任一情况时应测定仪器和探头的组合性能：
a) 新购置的超声检测仪器和(或)探头；
b) 仪器和探头在维修或更换主要部件后；
c) 检测人员有怀疑时。
4.2.2.3.3 水平线性偏差应不大于1％，垂直线性偏差应不大于5％。
4.2.2.3.4 仪器和探头的组合频率与探头标称频率偏差应不大于10％。
4.2.2.3.5 仪器-直探头组合性能还应符合以下要求：
a) 灵敏度余量应不小于32dB；
b) 在基准灵敏度下，对于标称频率为5MHz的探头，盲区应不大于10mm；对于标称频率为2.5MHz的探头，盲区应不大于15mm；
c) 直探头远场分辨力应不小于20dB。
4.2.2.3.6 仪器-斜探头组合性能还应符合以下要求：
a) 灵敏度余量应不小于42dB；
b) 斜探头远场分辨力应不小于12dB。
4.2.2.3.7 在达到所探工件的最大检测声程时，其有效灵敏度余量应不小于10dB。
4.2.2.3.8 仪器和探头组合频率的测试方法应符合JB/T 10062的规定，其他组合性能的测试方法应符合JB/T 9214的规定。
4.2.3 试块
4.2.3.1 标准试块
4.2.3.1.1 标准试块应为具有规定的化学成分、表面粗糙度、热处理及几何形状的材料块，用于评定和校准仪器探头系统性能。本文件采用的标准试块为CSK-IA、DZ-I和DB-P Z20-2。
4.2.3.1.2 CSK-IA试块的具体几何形状、尺寸及表面粗糙度等符合本文件的规定，DZ-I试块和DB-P Z20-2试块的具体几何形状、尺寸及表面粗糙度等应符合JB/T 9214的规定。
4.2.3.1.3 标准试块的制造和尺寸精度应符合JB/T 8428的规定，试块制造商应提供产品质量合格证，并确保在相同测试条件下比较其所制造的每一标准试块与国家标准样品或类似具备量值传递基准的标准试块上的同种反射体(面)时，其最大反射波幅差应小于或等于2dB。
4.2.3.2 对比试块
4.2.3.2.1 对比试块应为与试件或被检材料声学特性相似、含有意义明确的参考反射体、用以调节超声检测仪的幅度和(或)时基线，以将所检出的不连续信号(即缺陷信号)与参考反射体所产生的信号相比较的试块。
4.2.3.2.2 当采用直探头检测时，对比试块所用原材料中不得有大于或等于φ2mm平底孔当量的缺陷。
4.2.3.2.3 不同被检工件超声检测用对比试块参考反射体的形状、尺寸和数量应符合本文件相关章节及附录的规定。
4.2.3.2.4 对比试块的尺寸公差在本文件有明确要求时按本文件的规定制作，无明确要求时应按JB/T 8428的规定制作。
4.2.3.2.5 对比试块分为通用对比试块和专用对比试块
4.2.3.2.5.1 通用对比试块
a) 通用对比试块的几何形状、尺寸和参考反射体设置按本文件各章节图样规定，其尺寸精度应满足JB/T 8428的要求。
b) 通用对比试块的制作材料应选用电炉或平炉熔炼的20#优质碳素结构钢，化学成分符合GB/T 699的规定，经锻压成形后再作正火处理以确保材质均匀而不存在声各向异性，晶粒度7级～8级；当采用直探头检测时不得有大于或等于φ2mm平底孔当量的缺陷。
4.2.3.2.5.2 专用对比试块
a) 专用对比试块与被检工件的材料声学性能(二者间声速偏差率应不超过±1％，用5MHz探头测试的衰减系数相差应不超过±2dB/m)和制造工艺相同或相似。
b) 专用对比试块的外形几何尺寸应在一定程度上能代表被检工件的特征，试块厚度应与被检工件的厚度相对应。如果涉及不同工件厚度对接接头的检测，试块厚度的选择应由较大工件厚度确定。
c) 若作为4.3.3所规定的工艺验证用途时，还应考虑被检工件中可能存在的缺陷类型、大小、位置和取向并设置相应的参考反射体。
4.2.3.2.5.3 对比试块选用的一般原则
a) 对于碳素钢、低合金钢制原材料、零部件或焊接接头，可采用通用对比试块；
b) 对于中合金钢、高合金钢制原材料、零部件或焊接接头，应采用专用对比试块；
c) 对于因试块类型选择不同而造成检测结果的差异时，应以专用对比试块为准。
4.2.3.3 模拟试块
4.2.3.3.1 模拟试块是指含有模拟缺陷的试块，主要用于检测工艺验证。
4.2.3.3.2 模拟试块的材料和声学特性应与被检工件相同或相近(声速偏差率应不大于1％，用5MHz探头测试的衰减系数偏差应不大于2dB/m)，当采用直探头检测试块所用原材料时，不得有大于或等于φ2mm平底孔当量的缺陷。
4.2.3.3.3 模拟试块的几何形状、厚度和表面条件均应与被检工件相同或相近。
4.2.3.3.4 对于焊接接头，其模拟缺陷应采用与被检工件相同焊接方法制备或使用以往检测中发现的真实缺陷制备；对于非焊接接头被检工件，其模拟缺陷应具有与真实缺陷类似的形态和声学特征。
4.2.3.3.5 模拟缺陷的类型、位置、尺才和数量设置应考虑被检工件中可能存在的缺陷状态。对于焊接接头，应至少包括纵向和横向缺陷，体积型和面积型缺陷，表面和埋藏缺陷等，缺陷长度一般不大于相应承压设备合格质量等级所规定的相同工件厚度的最大允许缺陷尺寸，可由一块或多块同厚度范围的试块组成。
4.2.4 耦合剂
4.2.4.1 耦合剂透声性应较好且不损伤检测表面，如机油、化学浆糊、甘油和水等。
4.2.4.2 耦合剂污染物含量的控制
4.2.4.2.1 镍基合金上使用的耦合剂含硫量应不大于250mg/L。
4.2.4.2.2 奥氏体型不锈钢或钛材上使用的耦合剂卤素(氯和氟)的总含量应不大于250mg/L。
4.2.5 超声检测设备和器材的校准、核查、运行核查和检查的要求
4.2.5.1 校准、核查和运行核查应在标准试块和对比试块上进行，应使探头主声束垂直对准反射体的反射面，以获得稳定和最大的反射信号。
4.2.5.2 校准或核查
4.2.5.2.1 应至少每年对超声检测仪和探头组合性能中的水平线性和垂直线性、组合频率、盲区(仅限直探头)、灵敏度余量、分辨力以及仪器的衰减器精度，进行一次校准并记录，测试要求应符合4.2.2.3的规定。
4.2.5.2.2 应至少每年对标准试块与对比试块的表面腐蚀与机械损份，进行一次核查。
4.2.5.2.3 应至少每5年宜将标准试块与国家标准样品或类似具备量值传递基准的标准试块的同种反射体(面)回波幅度进行一次核查，其差值应小于或等于2dB。
4.2.5.3 运行核查
4.2.5.3.1 模拟超声检测仪每3个月或数字超声检测仪每6个月至少对仪器和探头组合性能中的水平线性和垂直线性，进行一次运行核查并记录，测试要求应符合4.2.2.3的规定。
4.2.5.3.2 应至少每3个月对盲区(仅限直探头)、灵敏度余量和分辨力进行一次运行核查并记录，测试要求应符合4.2.2.3的规定。
4.2.5.4 检查
4.2.5.4.1 每次检测前应检查超声检测设备和器材的外观、线缆连接和开机信号显示等情况是否正常。
4.2.5.4.2 使用斜探头时，检测前应测定探头入射点(前沿)和探头折射角(K值)。
4.2.5.5 校准、运行核查和检查时的注意事项
校准、运行核查和检查时，应将影响仪器线性的控制器(如抑制或滤波开关等)均置于“关”的位置或处于最低水平上。
4.3 检测工艺
4.3.1 检测工艺文件
4.3.1.1 检测工艺文件由工艺规程和操作指导书组成。
4.3.1.2 工艺规程
4.3.1.2.1 工艺规程应符合NB/T 47013.1的规定。
4.3.1.2.2 工艺规程应由检测机构依据相关法规、产品标准、有关的技术文件和本文件的规定等进行编制。
4.3.1.2.3 检测机构还应依据本身的特点、技术能力及资源条件等进行工艺规程编制。
4.3.1.2.4 当工艺规程依据的相关法规、产品标准、有关的技术文件和本文件的规定有变动时，或者依据的检测机构的特点和技术能力及资源条件等有变化时，检测机构应重新编制或修订工艺规程。
4.3.1.2.5 工艺规程应规定表1和相关章节及附录所列相关因素的适用范围或要求。相关因素的变化超出规定的范围或要求时(表1中第13～第16项除外)，检测机构应重新修订工艺规程。
表1 超声检测工艺规程应涉及的相关因素