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In accordance with the requirements of MOHURD Notice on printing and distributing the development and revision plan of engineering construction standards and specifications in 2015 (JIAN BIAO [2014] No. 189), this standard is developed by the drafting team through extensive investigation, careful summarization of practical experience, reference to relevant international standards and foreign advanced standards and on the basis of widely solicited opinions.
The technical contents of this standard mainly consists of 1. General provisions; 2. Terms; 3. Basic requirements; 4. Land use and buildings; 5. Neighborhood facility; 6. Roads; 7. Living environment.
The main revisions hereby made are as follows: 1. The scope of application is extended from the planning and design of residential area to the preparation of urban planning and the planning and design of urban residential area; 2. The hierarchical control method and scale of residential areas are adjusted; the control indexes of residential area landuse and building are planned, integrated and refined; the control indexes and setting regulations for neighborhood facilities and public green landuse are optimized; 3. Interfacing and coordination with relevant national standards, industry standards and construction standards are made; relevant technical contents of the comprehensive and vertical design of engineering pipelines are deleted; the concepts of terms are simplified.
The provisions printed in bold type in this standard are compulsory and must be enforced strictly.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is in charge of the administration of this standard and the explanation of the compulsory provisions, and China Academy of Urban Planning & Design is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents. Any comment or suggestion made during the implementation of this standard, are kindly requested to be posted or passed on to China Academy of Urban Planning & Design (Address: 5 Chegongzhuang West Road, Haidian District, Beijing; 100044).
Standard of planning and design for urban residential areas
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This standard is developed to ensure an appropriate and livable residential and living environment, scientific and rational, cost-effective use of land and space, and protect the quality of planning and design of urban residential areas, and regulate planning, construction and management of urban residential area.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the preparation of urban planning, and the design and planning of urban residential area.
1.0.3 The planning and design of urban residential area shall follow the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, open and sharing, to create a safe, sanitary, convenient, comfortable, beautiful, harmonious and diversified living environment.
1.0.4 Besides this standard, the planning and design of urban residential area shall also comply with current relevant standards of China.
2 Terms
2.0.1
urban residential area
an area in a city where the residential buildings are relatively concentrated, hereinafter referred to as residential area.
2.0.2
15-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood
the residential area scope defined according to the principle that material and cultural needs of life can be satisfied within 15-minute walk; generally surrounded by city trunk or land boundary, with a resident population size of 50,000 to 100,000 people (about 17,000 to 32,000 of residence suites), well provided with neighborhood facilities.
2.0.3
10-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood
the residential area scope defined according to the principle that material and cultural needs of life can be basically satisfied within 10-minute walk; generally surrounded by city trunk, branch road or land boundary, with a resident population size of 15,000 to 25,000 people (about 5,000 to 8,000 of residence suites), well provided with neighborhood facilities.
2.0.4
5-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood
the residential area scope defined according to the principle that the basic needs of life can be satisfied within 5-minute walk; generally surrounded by city road of branch level or above or land boundary, with a resident population size of 5,000 to 12,000 people (about 1,500 to 4,000 of residence suites), provided with 5-min neighborhood facilities.
2.0.5
neighborhood block
residential area landuse enclosed by city road such as branch or land boundary, the basic unit of residence jointly formed by residential buildings; with a resident population of 1,000 to 3,000 people (about 300 to 1,000 suites of residence, and 2hm2 ~ 4hm2 of landuse area) and equipped with neighborhood block facilities.
2.0.6
residential area landuse
the collective term for the residential landuse, neighborhood facility landuse, public green landuse, and urban road landuse in urban residential area.
2.0.7
public green landuse
park green space constructed for the residential area, for residents to swim or for sports activities.
2.0.8
average storey number of residential buildings
the storey number derived from the ratio of the total area of residential buildings to the total area of the residential building bases within a certain landuse scope
2.0.9
neighborhood facility
the living service facility which is planned and constructed according to the level of the residential area so as to match up with the size of the resident population or the size of the residential building area; mainly including grassroots public management and public service facilities, commercial service facilities, municipal utilities, transportation stations and 5-min neighborhood facilities, neighborhood block facilities.
2.0.10
5-min neighborhood facility
the living service facilities, in 5-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood, which is constructed according to the resident population size, mainly including facilities for child care, community service, cultural and sports activities, health services, old-age care, assistance to the disabled, and commercial services.
2.0.11
neighborhood block facility
the basic living service facility constructed for residential buildings in neighborhood block, mainly including facilities for property management, convenience store, event venue, domestic garbage collection, parking lot (garage), etc.
3 Basic requirements
3.0.1 The planning and design of residential area shall adhere to the people-oriented basic principle, comply with applicable, economic, green, beautiful building policy, and shall meet the following requirements.
1 It shall be in line with the city's overall planning and regulatory detailed planning;
2 It shall conform to the local climate characteristics and environmental conditions, economic and social development level and cultural custom;
3 It shall follow the principle of unified planning, rational layout, saving land, adapting to local conditions, supporting construction, and comprehensive development;
4 It shall provide the elderly, children and persons with disabilities with convenient facilities and places for the living and social activities;
5 It shall maintain the historical context of the city, protect historical and cultural heritage and coordinate with the traditional style;
6 It shall adopt construction methods with low impact development and take effective measures to promote the natural accumulation, natural infiltration and natural purification of rainwater;
7 It shall meet the relevant control requirements of urban design for public spaces, building groups, garden landscapes, municipalities and other environmental facilities.
3.0.2 For the construction of residential area, a safe and livable location shall be selected and shall meet the following requirements.
1 The construction shall not be carried out in areas with threatened natural disasters such as landslides, mudslides and flash floods;
2 The distance from dangerous sources such as hazardous chemicals and flammable and explosive materials must meet the relevant safety regulations;
3 In the presence of noise pollution and light pollution, appropriate protective measures shall be taken to reduce noise and light pollution;
4 In the presence of soil pollution, effective measures must be taken for harmless treatment, and the requirements of soil environmental quality for residential landuse shall be met.
3.0.3 The planning and design of residential area shall give comprehensive consideration to emergency shelters and evacuation routes for the residents, and shall comply with the requirements of national safety management and control for emergency disaster prevention.
3.0.4 According to the principle of meeting the basic living needs of residents within a reasonable walking distance, residential areas can be classified into four levels, i.e. 15-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood, 10-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood, 5-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood and neighborhood block, the control scales of which shall be as specified in Table 3.0.4.
Table 3.0.4 Control scale of residential area by level
Distance and scale 15-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood 10-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood 5-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood Neighborhood block
Walking distance (m) 800~1000 500 300 —
Resident population (people) 50000~100000 15000~25000 5000~12000 1000~3000
Number of residence (in suites) 17000~32000 5000~8000 1500~4000 300~1000
3.0.5 For residential areas, neighborhood facilities and public green landuse shall be planned and designed as follows, according to the level-based control scale:
1 New residential areas shall meet the requirements of overall planning, simultaneous construction, and phase-simultaneous putting into service;
2 Old residential areas may be renovated in accordance with the principles of matchup by planning, vacancies fill-up by construction, comprehensive compliance with standards, and gradual improvement.
3.0.6 Planning and construction projects for residential areas involving historical city, historical and cultural district, historic building and cultural relics protection unit must comply with planning-related national regulations on conservation and construction control.
3.0.7 Residential areas shall be effectively organized in terms of collection and discharge of rainwater and shall meet the requirements for overland runoff control, waterlogging disaster prevention, non-point source pollution control and rainwater resource utilization.
3.0.8 The development and utilization of underground space in residential areas shall be moderate and shall reasonably control the impervious land area and reserve enough soil ecological space for natural infiltration and purification of rainwater.
3.0.9 The planning and design of engineering pipeline for residential areas shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard GB 50289 Code of urban engineering pipeline comprehensive planning; the vertical planning and design for residential areas shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current professional standard CJJ 83 Specification of vertical planning for urban and rural construction land.
3.0.10 The building climate division attributing to the residential area shall comply with the current national standard GB 50178 Standard of climatic regionalization for architecture; its comprehensive technical index and landuse area calculation methods shall comply with the provisions of Annex A of this standard.
4 Landuse and buildings
4.0.1 The residential area landuse at all levels shall be rationally allocated and properly developed and its control indexes shall meet the following requirements.
1 The control indexes for landuse of 15-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood shall be as specified in Table 4.0.1-1;
2 The control indexes for landuse of 10-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood shall be as specified in Table 4.0.1-2;
3 The control indexes for landuse of 5-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood shall be as specified in Table 4.0.1-3.
Table 4.0.1-1 Control indexes for landuse of 15-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood
Climatic regionalization for architecture Category of average storey number of residential buildings Per capita area of residential area landuse (m2/capita) Plot ratio of residential area landuse Composition of residential area landuse (%)
Residence landuse Neighborhood facility landuse Public green landuse Urban road landuse Total
I, VII Multi-storey category I (4 to 6 stories) 40~54 0.8~1.0 58~61 12~16 7~11 15~20 100
II, VI 38~51 0.8~1.0
III, IV, V 37~48 0.9~1.1
I, VII Multi-storey category II (7 to 9 stories) 35~42 1.0~1.1 52~58 13~20 9~13 15~20 100
II, VI 33~41 1.0~1.2
III, IV, V 31~39 1.1~1.3
I, VII High-rise category I (10 to 18 stories) 28~38 1.1~1.4 48~52 16~23 11~16 15~20 100
II, VI 27~36 1.2~1.4
III, IV, V 26~34 1.2~1.5
Note: The plot ratio of residential area landuse is the ratio of the total overground floor areas of the residential building and its neighborhood facility in the neighborhood to the total area of the residential area landuse.
Table 4.0.1-2 Control indexes for landuse of 10-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood
Climatic regionalization for architecture Category of average storey number of residential buildings Per capita area of residential area landuse (m2/capita) Plot ratio of residential area landuse Composition of residential area landuse (%)
Residence landuse Neighborhood facility landuse Public green landuse Urban road landuse Total
I, VII Low-rise (1 to 3 stories) 49~51 0.8~0.9 71~73 5~8 4~5 15~20 100
II, VI 45~51 0.8~0.9
III, IV, V 42~51 0.8~0.9
I, VII Multi-storey category I (4 to 6 stories) 35~47 0.8~1.1 68~70 8~9 4~6 15~20 100
II, VI 33~44 0.9~1.1
III, IV, V 32~41 0.9~1.2
I, VII Multi-storey category II (7 to 9 stories) 30~35 1.1~1.2 64~67 9~12 6~8 15~20 100
II, VI 28~33 1.2~1.3
III, IV, V 26~32 1.2~1.4
I, VII High-rise category I (10 to 18 stories) 23~31 1.2~1.6 60~64 12~14 7~10 15~20 100
II, VI 22~28 1.3~1.7
III, IV, V 21~27 1.4~1.8
Note: The plot ratio of residential area landuse is the ratio of the total overground floor areas of the residential building and its neighborhood facility in the neighborhood to the total area of the residential area landuse.
Table 4.0.1-3 Control indexes for landuse of 5-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood
Climatic regionalization for architecture Category of average storey number of residential buildings Per capita area of residential area landuse (m2/capita) Plot ratio of residential area landuse Composition of residential area landuse (%)
Residence landuse Neighborhood facility landuse Public green landuse Urban road landuse Total
I, VII Low-rise (1 to 3 stories) 46~47 0.7~0.8 76~77 3~4 2~3 15~20 100
II, VI 43~47 0.8~0.9
III, IV, V 39~47 0.8~0.9
I, VII Multi-storey category I (4 to 6 stories) 32~43 0.8~1.1 74~76 4~5 2~3 15~20 100
II, VI 31~40 0.9~1.2
III, IV, V 29~37 1.0~1.2
I, VII Multi-storey category II (7 to 9 stories) 28~31 1.2~1.3 72~74 5~6 3~4 15~20 100
II, VI 25~29 1.2~1.4
III, IV, V 23~28 1.3~1.6
I, VII High-rise category I (10 to 18 stories) 20~27 1.4~1.8 69~72 6~8 4~5 15~20 100
II, VI 19~25 1.5~1.9
III, IV, V 18~23 1.6~2.0
Note: The plot ratio of residential area landuse is the ratio of the total overground floor areas of the residential building and its neighborhood facility in the neighborhood to the total area of the residential area landuse.
4.0.2 The control indexes for neighborhood block landuse and building shall be as specified in Table 4.0.2.
Table 4.0.2 Control indexes for neighborhood block landuse and building
Climatic regionalization for buildings Category of average storey number of residential buildings Plot ratio of residence landuse Maximum building density (%) Minimum greening rate (%) Maximum control height of residential building (m) Maximum per capita area of residence landuse (m2/capita)
I, VII Low-rise (1 to 3 stories) 1.0 35 30 18 36
Multi-storey category I (4 to 6 stories) 1.1~1.4 28 30 27 32
Multi-storey category II (7 to 9 stories) 1.5~1.7 25 30 36 22
High-rise category I (10 to 18 stories) 1.8~2.4 20 35 54 19
Multi-storey category II (19 to 26 stories) 2.5~2.8 20 35 80 13
II, VI Low-rise (1 to 3 stories) 1.0~1.1 40 28 18 36
Multi-storey category I (4 to 6 stories) 1.2~1.5 30 30 27 30
Multi-storey category II (7 to 9 stories) 1.6~1.9 28 30 36 21
High-rise category I (10 to 18 stories) 2.0~2.6 20 35 54 17
Multi-storey category II (19 to 26 stories) 2.7~2.9 20 35 80 13
III, IV, V Low-rise (1 to 3 stories) 1.0~1.2 43 25 18 36
Multi-storey category I (4 to 6 stories) 1.3~1.6 32 30 27 27
Multi-storey category II (7 to 9 stories) 1.7~2.1 30 30 36 20
High-rise category I (10 to l8 stories) 2.2~2.8 22 35 54 16
Multi-storey category II (19 to 26 stories) 2.9~3.1 22 35 80 12
Notes: 1 The plot ratio of residence landuse is the ratio of the total overground floor areas of the residential building and its neighborhood block facility in the neighborhood block to the total area of the residence landuse;
2 The building density is the ratio (%) of the building base area of residential building and its neighborhood block facility in the neighborhood block to the landuse area of the neighborhood block;
3 The greening rate is the ratio (%) of the green area in the neighborhood block to the landuse area of the neighborhood block.
4.0.3 When residential building adopts low-rise or multi-storey high-density layout, the control indexes of neighborhood block landuse and building shall be as specified in Table 4.0.3.
Table 4.0.3 Control indexes of landuse and building for
low-rise or multi-storey high-density neighborhood blocks
Climatic regionalization for buildings Category of storey number of residential buildings Plot ratio of residence landuse Maximum building density (%) Minimum greening rate (%) Maximum control height of residential building (m) Per capita area of residence landuse (m2/capita)
I, VII Low-rise (1 to 3 stories) 1.0, 1.1 42 25 11 32~36
Multi-storey category I (4 to 6 stories) 1.4, 1.5 32 28 20 24~26
II, VI Low-rise (1 to 3 stories) 1.1, 1.2 47 23 11 30~32
Multi-storey category I (4 to 6 stories) 1.5~1.7 38 28 20 21~24
III, IV, V Low-rise (1 to 3 stories) 1.2, 1.3 50 20 11 27~30
Multi-storey category I (4 to 6 stories) 1.6~1.8 42 25 20 20~22
Notes: 1 The plot ratio of residence landuse is the ratio of the total overground floor areas of the residential building and its neighborhood block facility in the neighborhood block to the total area of the residence landuse;
2 The building density is the ratio (%) of the building base area of residential building and its neighborhood block facility in the neighborhood block to the landuse area of the neighborhood block;
3 The greening rate is the ratio (%) of the green area in the neighborhood block to the landuse area of the neighborhood block.
4.0.4 Newly-built pedestrian-scale neighborhoods at all levels shall be provided with public green landuse, and residential parks of certain scale and allowing for leisure and sports activities shall be set up centrally; the control indexes of public green landuse shall meet the requirements of Table 4.0.4.
Table 4.0.4 Control indexes of public green landuse
Category Per capita area of public green landuse (m2/capita) Residential park Remarks
Minimum size (hm2) Minimum width (m)
15-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood 2.0 5.0 80 Excluding the public green landuse index of 10-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood and below
10-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood 1.0 1.0 50 Excluding the public green landuse index of 5-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood and below
5-min pedestrian-scale neighborhood 1.0 0.4 30 Excluding the green landuse index of neighborhood block
Note: 10% to 15% of sports venues shall be set up in residential parks.
4.0.5 When the reconstruction in old area cannot meet the requirements of Table 4.0.4 indeed, the residential environment may be improved by multi-point distribution and three-dimensional greening, but the per capita area of public green landuse shall not be less than 70% of the corresponding control index.
4.0.6 The concentrated green landuse and green landuse behind the house shall be set up to the neighborhood block by combining with the layout of the residential building; the calculation method of the green landuse shall meet the requirement of Annex A, subclause A.0.2 of this standard.
4.0.7 The planning and construction of concentrated green landuse in neighborhood block shall comply with the following requirements:
1 The construction of green landuse in new residential area shall not be lower than 0.50m2 per capita, while the reconstruction of the old residential area shall not be lower than 0.35m2 per capita;
2 The width of the green landuse shall not be less than 8m;
3 The green landuse area outside the shade line of standard building sunlight shall not be less than 1/3 and shall include elderly and children's activity venues.
4.0.8 The spacing between residential building and adjacent building (structure) shall be overall determined on the basis of comprehensive consideration of sunlight, daylighting, ventilation, pipeline arrangement, visual sanitation, disaster prevention, etc., and shall meet the relevant requirement of current national standards GB 50016 Code for fire protection design of building.
4.0.9 The spacing of residential buildings shall meet the requirements of Table 4.0.9, and shall meet the following requirements under special circumstances:
1 The sunlight standard of residential buildings for the elderly shall not be less than 2 h on Winter Solstice;
2 Adding any facilities outside the building in original design shall not affect the original sunlight standard of the adjacent buildings, with the exception of barrier-free innovation for the existing residential buildings, such as installing elevators;
3 As for the newly-built residential buildings in old area renovation project, the sunlight standard shall not be less than 1h on Great Cold.
Foreword ii
1 General provisions
2 Terms
3 Basic requirements
4 Landuse and buildings
5 Neighborhood facility
6 Roads
7 Living environment
Annex A Technical index and calculation method of site area
Annex B Regulation of neighborhood facility
Annex C Control requirements for the planning and construction of neighborhood facility
Explanation of wording in this standard
List of quoted standards
