Codeofchina.com is in charge of this English translation. In case of any doubt about the English translation, the Chinese original shall be considered authoritative.
This standard is developed in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The issuing body of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This standard was proposed by and is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
Introduction
For the purpose of this standard, only the most basic safety requirements for lithium ion cells and batteries are taken into account to provide protection for personal and property safety, while the performance and functional characteristics are not involved.
Further development of technology and process will certainly require further revision of this standard.
The hazards caused by the lithium ion cells and batteries within the scope of this standard refer to:
——Leakage, which may directly pose chemical corrosion hazard to human bodies, or lead to failures of insulations inside the electronic equipment powered by cells, indirectly causing hazards such as electric shock and fire;
——Fire, which directly burns human bodies, or causes ignition hazard to electronic equipment powered by cells;
——Explosion, which directly endangers human bodies or damages equipment;
——Overheating, which directly causes burns to human body, or leads to degradation of insulation grade and performance of safety elements and components, or ignites combustible liquids;
——Electric shock, which causes injuries (such as burns, muscle spasm and ventricular fibrillation) by currents flowing through human body.
Batteries whose output voltage exceed the safe voltage limit (DC 60 V) may directly cause the electric shock hazard, while the battery that can exceed the safe voltage limit (DC 60 V or 42.4 V (AC peak)) after being inverted may also cause the electric shock hazard.
Priority in determining the design scheme for cells or batteries:
——First, priority shall be given to materials with high safety, if possible;
——Second, protective devices shall be designed (such as adding protective devices) to reduce or eliminate the possibility of hazards if the above-mentioned principles cannot be implemented;
——Finally, the residual hazards that cannot be completely avoided shall be identified and described.
The above-mentioned principles are not intended to replace the detailed requirements of this standard, but only to inform the designer of the principles on which these requirements are based.
The safety of lithium ion cells and batteries is related to material selection, design, production process, transport and service conditions. Thereof, service conditions include normal service conditions, foreseeable misuse conditions, and foreseeable fault conditions, as well as environmental conditions that affect its safety, such as temperature and altitude
The safety requirements for lithium ion cells and batteries cover the hazards to personnel caused by all the factors mentioned above. Personnel refer to maintenance personnel and users.
Maintenance personnel refer to those who maintain electronic equipment and its cells, and can use professional skills to avoid possible injuries in case of obvious hazards. However, they shall be protected against unexpected hazards, such as using signs or warning instructions to remind them of residual hazards.
Users refer to all personnel other than maintenance personnel. The safety and protection requirements are put forward on the assumption that users have not been trained in how to identify hazards, but will not deliberately create hazardous situations.
Lithium ion cells and batteries used in stationary electronic equipment -
Safety technical specification
1 Scope
This standard specifies the safety requirements and test methods for lithium ion cells and batteries used in stationary electronic equipment.
This standard is applicable to lithium ion cells and batteries used in stationary electronic equipment (hereinafter referred to as “cells and batteries”), where the stationary electronic equipment includes:
a) Stationary information technology equipment (IT equipment);
b) Stationary audio and video equipment (AV equipment) and similar equipment;
c) Stationary communication technology equipment (CT equipment);
d) Stationary measurement control equipment, electronic equipment for laboratories and similar equipment.
Note: The stationary electronic equipment listed above does not include all the equipment, so the equipment not listed may also be covered in this standard. This standard is also applicable to lithium ion cells and batteries for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and emergency power supply (EPS).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 2423.5 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Ea and guidance: Shock
GB/T 2423.10 Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests methods - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
GB/T 2423.21 Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test M: Low air pressure
GB/T 2423.22 Environmental testing - Part 2: Tests methods - Test N: Change of temperature
GB 4943.1-2011 Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 17626.2 Electromagnetic compatibility - Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
(lithium ion) cell
device that relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to realize the mutual conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy, and is designed to be rechargeable
Note: The device usually includes electrodes, diaphragms, electrolytes, containers and terminals.
3.2
large lithium ion cell
lithium ion cell with total mass exceeding 500 g
Note: This term is simply referred to as “large cell” in this standard.
3.3
cell block
configuration in which multiple cells are connected in parallel and for which protective devices (such as fuses or positive temperature coefficient thermistors (PTC)) and monitoring circuits may or may not be provided
Note: It cannot be used because it has not been provided with a housing, terminal device and electronic control device.
[IEC 62619:2017, definition 3.8]
3.4
module
configuration in which multiple cells are connected in series or in parallel and for which protective devices (such as fuses or positive temperature coefficient thermistors (PTC)) and monitoring circuits may or may not be provided
[IEC 62619:2017, definition 3.9]
3.5
battery/battery pack
energy storage device electrically coupled by one or more cells or modules
Notes:
1 It can include protection and monitoring devices that provide information (such as cell voltage) to the battery system.
2 It can contain a protective cover provided by a terminal or other interconnection device.
3 It is revised from IEC 62619:2017, definition 3.10.
3.6
battery system
system consisting of one or more cells, modules or batteries
Notes:
1 It has a battery management system which will act if overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge and overheating occur.
2 The over-discharge cut-off is not mandatory if an agreement is made between the battery manufacturer and the user.
3 It can include cooling or heating devices, and some even include charging and discharging modules and inverter modules.
4 In this standard, the requirements for the battery system are equivalent to those for batteries.
5 It is revised from IEC 62619: 2017, definition 3.11.
3.7
large lithium ion battery
lithium ion battery with total mass exceeding 12 kg
Note: This term is simply referred to as “large battery” in this standard.
3.8
battery management system; BMS
electronic system which is connected with the battery, capable of cutting off the circuit under overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge and overheating, and used to monitor and/or manage the state of the battery, calculate secondary data, report data and/or control the environment to influence the safety, performance and/or service life of the battery; the functions of BMS may be assigned to the battery or equipment using the battery
Notes:
1 The over-discharge cut-off is not mandatory if an agreement is made between the battery manufacturer and the user.
2 The functions of BMS may be available on the battery or on the equipment using the battery.
3 The BMS may be separated, possibly with a part in the battery and a part at the application end, as shown in Figure 1.
4 Sometimes BMS is also called BMU (battery management unit).
[IEC 62619:2017, definition 3.12]
a) Battery containing all functions of BMS b) Battery and equipment containing some functions of BMS
c) Combination of equipment with BMS and modules d) Equipment containing all functions BMS and batteries
Figure 1 Example for location of BMS and composition of battery system
3.9
stationary electronic equipment
electronic equipment that is not intended to be frequently carried by the user
Notes:
1 It includes non-portable electronic equipment, and mobile electronic equipment weighing more than 18 kg.
2 Within the scope of this standard, electronic equipment that does not belong to the "portable electronic equipment" specified in GB 31241-2014 is defined as stationary electronic equipment, as shown in Figure 2.
3 See 3.3 of GB 31241-2014 for the definition of portable electronic equipment.
Figure 2 Scope of stationary electronic equipment specified in this standard
3.10
rated capacity
C
cell or battery capacity indicated by the manufacturer
Note: It is expressed in ampere-hour (A·h) or milliampere-hour (mA·h).
3.11
upper limited charging voltage
Uup
maximum safe charging voltage that the cell or battery can withstand, as specified by the manufacturer
3.12
discharge cut off voltage
Udo
minimum load voltage specified by the manufacturer for safe discharge of the cell or battery
3.13
end of discharge voltage
Ude
load voltage specified by the manufacturer at which the discharge behavior of the cell or battery in cycle use is terminated
3.14
recommendation charging current
Icr
constant-current charging current recommended by the manufacturer
3.15
maximum continual charging current
Icm
maximum constant-current charging current specified by the manufacturer
3.16
recommendation continual discharging current
Idr
continual discharging current recommended by the manufacturer
3.17
maximum discharging current
Idm
maximum continual discharging current specified by the manufacturer
3.18
upper limited charging temperature
Tcm
maximum ambient temperature specified by the manufacturer for charging the cell or battery
Note: It refers to the ambient temperature, not the surface temperature of the cell or battery.
3.19
upper limited discharging temperature
Tdm
maximum ambient temperature specified by the manufacturer for the discharge of the cell or battery
Note: It refers to the ambient temperature, not the surface temperature of the cell or battery.
3.20
lower limited charging temperature
Tcl
minimum ambient temperature specified by the manufacturer for charging the cell or battery
Note: It refers to the ambient temperature, not the surface temperature of the cell or battery.
3.21
leakage
visible leakage of liquid electrolyte
[GB/T 28164-2011, definition 1.3.9]
3.22
rupture
mechanical damage to the cell case or battery case due to internal or external factors, resulting in exposure or spillage, rather than ejection, of internal material
[GB/T 28164-2011, definition 1.3.11]
3.23
explosion
violent rupture of cell case or battery case, resulting in the ejection of the main component
[GB/T 28164-2011, definition 1.3.12]
3.24
fire
visible flame in the cell, module, battery or battery system
Note: It is revised from IEC 62619: 2017, 3.17.
3.25
type test
test on a representative sample of the equipment to determine if the equipment, as designed and manufactured, can meet the requirements of this standard
[GB 31241-2014, definition 3.27]
Note: Unless otherwise specified, all the tests specified in this standard refer to type tests.
4 Test conditions
4.1 Applicability of the tests
The tests specified in this standard shall only be performed where safety is concerned.
If it is specified in the standard that the test of a certain type of cell or battery is not applicable due to the restriction of the design, structure and function of the product, the test may not be carried out. If a test is necessary, and the cell or battery cannot be tested due to the restriction of product design, structure or function, the electronic equipment that uses the cell or battery and the charger or parts and components of the electronic equipment may be tested together with the cell or battery.
Note: The stationary electronic equipment and the charger or parts and components of it shall be provided by the manufacturer of the cell or battery or the manufacturer of the electronic equipment, together with their operating instructions.
Unless otherwise specified, samples are not required to be functional after the tests.
4.2 Ambient conditions of the tests
Unless otherwise specified, the tests are generally conducted under the following conditions:
a) Temperature: 20℃±5℃;
b) Relative humidity: ≤75%;
c) Air pressure: 86 kPa~106 kPa.
4.3 Parameters measurement tolerances
The accuracy of all control or measured values, as compared to the specified or actual values, shall be within the following tolerances:
a) Voltage: ±1%;
b) Current: ±1%;
c) Temperature: ±2℃;
d) Time: ±0.1%;
e) Capacity: ±1%;
f) Height: ±1%;
g) Mass: ±1%.
The above tolerances have taken into account the accuracy of the measuring instruments used, the test methods employed, and all other errors introduced during the test.
4.4 Measuring method of temperature
The surface temperature of the sample is measured by the thermocouple method. For the temperature measuring point, the point with the maximum temperature shall be used as the basis for determining the test.
4.5 Charging and discharging procedures for testing
4.5.1 Charging procedure for testing
The sample shall be charged according to the method specified by the manufacturer.
Note: Before charging, the sample shall be discharged to the end of discharge voltage according to the method specified by the manufacturer.
4.5.2 Discharging procedure for testing
The sample shall be subjected to constant-current discharge at the current specified by the manufacturer till the end of discharge voltage is reached.
4.6 Type test
4.6.1 Sample requirements
Unless otherwise specified, the tested sample shall be a representative sample of the product to be accepted by the customer, including samples trial-produced on a small batch basis or a product ready for delivery to the customer.
If the test requires the introduction of wires for testing or connection, the resulting total resistance shall be less than 20 mΩ.
4.6.2 Sample quantity
Unless otherwise specified, each item shall be tested with 3 cell samples and 1 battery sample.
4.6.3 Capacity test of cell sample
The actual capacity of the cell sample shall be greater than or equal to its rated capacity, otherwise it cannot be used as a typical sample for type test.
Fully charge the cell according to the charging procedure specified in 4.5.1, let it stand for 10 min, and then discharge it according to the discharging procedure specified in 4.5.2. The capacity provided during discharge is the actual capacity of the cell.
In case of any disagreement with the result of the capacity test, the test may be performed again at the ambient temperature of 23℃±2℃ for arbitration.
4.6.4 Sample pretreatment
Perform two charge-discharge cycles on the cell or battery in accordance with the procedures specified in 4.5, and let it stand for 10 min (for the cell) or 30 min (for the battery) between the two procedures.
Note: The cell samples may be tested for capacity at the same time.
Foreword i
Introduction ii
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Test conditions
4.1 Applicability of the tests
4.2 Ambient conditions of the tests
4.3 Parameters measurement tolerances
4.4 Measuring method of temperature
4.5 Charging and discharging procedures for testing
4.6 Type test
5 General safety requirements
5.1 General considerations on safety
5.2 Safe working parameters
5.3 Marking and warning instructions
5.4 Key safety components
6 Electrical safety of cells
6.1 External short circuit at high temperature
6.2 Overcharge
6.3 Forced discharge
7 Environmental safety of cells
7.1 Low pressure
7.2 Temperature cycling
7.3 Vibration
7.4 Acceleration shock
7.5 Drop
7.6 Impact/extrusion with weight
7.7 Thermal abuse
8 Environmental safety regarding batteries
8.1 Temperature cycle
8.2 Vibration
8.3 Acceleration shock
8.4 Drop
9 Functional safety of battery system
9.1 Requirements for battery management unit/battery management system
9.2 Requirements for test samples
9.3 Overvoltage charging control
9.4 Overcurrent charging control
9.5 Undervoltage discharge control
9.6 Overload control
9.7 Short circuit control
9.8 Reverse charging
9.9 Overheat control
9.10 Electrostatic discharge
10 System safety
Annex A (Normative) Test sequence
Bibliography
